Juglanconis appendiculata and Melanconiella chrysomelanconium, two new records of diaporthalean fungi from Iran

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Design, Shirvan Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran

2 Department of Botany, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Members of Diaporthales occur on a broad range of hosts and substrates, such as trees, crops, soil, and even living tissues of animals and humans, and comprise pathogenic, saprobic and endophytic species. This study was carried out to contribute to the knowledge of Diaporthales biodiversity in Iran. Juglanconis appendiculata from dead branch of Juglans regia in East Azerbaijan Province and Melanconiella chrysomelanconium from dead branch of Carpinus betulus in Golestan Province were identified using morphological characteristics and molecular data. Phylogenetic analysis of the elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α) gene using maximum likelihood approach strongly supported the placement of two Iranian isolates, i.e., IRAN 2457C (identified as J. appendiculata) and IRAN 5294C (identified as M. chrysomelanconium), within the Diaporthales. Both species are described and illustrated herein based on Iranian material and compared with closely related species. This study represents the first report of J. appendiculata and M. chrysomelanconium from Iran, providing geographic range extensions of both species.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Barr ME. 1978. The Diaporthales in North America with emphasis on Gnomonia and its segregates. Mycologia Memoirs 7: 1-232. https://doi.org/10.
1002/fedr.19800910313.
Chaverri P, Samuels GJ. 2003. Hypocrea/Trichoderma (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae): species with green ascospores. Studies in Mycology 48: 1-116
Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Burgess TI, Hardy GE, Crane C, … et al. 2016. Fungal planet description sheets: 469–557. Persoonia 37: 218-403. https://doi.org/
10.3767/ 003158516X694499.
Du Z, Fan XL, Yang Q, Tian CM. 2017. Host and geographic range extensions of Melanconiella, with a new species M. cornuta in China. Phytotaxa 327: 252-260. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.327.3.4.
Edler D, Klein J, Antonelli A, Silvestro D. 2021. raxmlGUI 2.0: A graphical interface and toolkit for phylogenetic analyses using RAxML. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 12: 373-377. https://doi.org/
10.1111/2041-210X.13512.
Fan X, Du Z, Bezerra JDP, Tian C. 2018. Taxonomic circumscription of melanconis-like fungi causing canker disease in China. MycoKeys 42: 89-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.42.29634.
Hyde KD, Noorabadi MT, Thiyagaraja V, He MQ, Johnston PR, … et al. 2024. The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Mycosphere 15: 5146-6239. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/15/1/25.
Jaklitsch WM, Komon M, Kubicek CP, Druzhinina IS. 2006. Hypocrea voglmayrii sp. nov. from the Austrian Alps represents a new phylogenetic clade in Hypocrea/Trichoderma. Mycologia 97: 1365-1378. https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.97.6.1365.
Katoh K, Rozewicki J, Yamada KD. 2019. MAFFT online service: Multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization. Briefings in Bioinformatics 20: 1160-1166. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbx108.
Kuraku S, Zmasek CM, Nishimura O, Katoh K. 2013. aLeaves facilitates on-demand exploration of metazoan gene family trees on MAFFT sequence alignment server with enhanced interactivity. Nucleic Acids Research 41: W22-W28. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt389.
Liu D, Coloe S, Baird R, Pedersen J. 2000. Rapid mini-preparation of fungal DNA for PCR. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38: 471. https://doi.org/
10.1128/jcm.38.1.471-471.2000.
Mehrabi M. 2025. Morphological and molecular data reveal Albicollum khorasanicum, sp. nov., from Iran. Sydowia 78: 57-64. https://doi.org/10.12905/0380.sydowia78-2026-0057.
Mu T, Chen J, Zhao Z, Zhang W, Stephenson SL, … et al. 2023. Morphological and phylogenetic analyzes reveal two new species of Melanconiella from Fujian Province, China. Frontiers in Microbiology 14: 1229705. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.
1229705.
Nannfeldt JA. 1932. Studien über die Morphologie und Systematik der nichlichenisierten inoperculaten Discomyceten. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis Series 4(8): 1-368.
Pourfaraj A, Arzanlou M, Abed-Ashtiani F. 2019. Juglanconis juglandina a new record for the mycobiota of Iran. Mycologia Iranica 6(2): 119-123. https://doi.org/10.22043/mi.2020.121260.
Rambaut A. 2012. FigTree version 1.4.0. Available from: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/ (accessed 15 May 2024).
Rayner RW. 1970. A mycological colour chart. CMI and British Mycological Society, Kew.
Rossman AY, Farr DF, Castlebury LA. 2007. A review of the phylogeny and biology of the Diaporthales. Mycoscience 48: 135-144. https://doi.org/10.1007/
S10267-007-0347-7.
Saccardo PA. 1882. Sylloge Pyrenomycetum, Vol. I. Sylloge Fungorum. 1: 1-768.
Samuels GJ, Blackwell M. 2001. Pyrenomycetes – fungi with perithecia. In: McLaughlin, D., McLaughlin, E. (eds), The Mycota VII Part A. Systematics and Evolution. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 221-255.
Senanayake IC, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Jeewon R, … et al. 2017. Families of Diaporthales based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence. Studies in Mycology 86: 217-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.simyco.2017.07.003.
Senanayake IC, Rathnayake AR, Marasinghe DS, Calabon MS, Gentekaki E, … et al. 2020. Morphological approaches in studying fungi: Collection, examination, isolation, sporulation and preservation. Mycosphere 11: 2678-2754. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/20.
Stamatakis E. 2006. RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 22: 2688-2690. https://doi.org/10.1093/
bioinformatics/btl446.
Voglmayr H, Castlebury LA, Jaklitsch WM. 2017. Juglanconis gen. nov. on Juglandaceae, and the new family Juglanconidaceae (Diaporthales). Persoonia 38: 136-155. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158517
X694768.
Voglmayr H, Jaklitsch WM, Mohammadi H, Chakusary MK. 2019. The genus Juglanconis (Diaporthales) on Pterocarya. Mycological Progress 18: 425-37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-018-01464-0.
Voglmayr H, Rossman AY, Castlebury LA, Jaklitsch WM. 2012. Multigene phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Melanconiella (Diaporthales). Fungal Diversity 57: 1-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-012-0175-8.
Wang F, Zeng Q, Liu C, Xu X, Zhu T, … et al. 2023. Branch blight of Juglans sigillata caused by Juglanconis appendiculata in China. Plant Disease 107(1): 224. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0782-PDN.
Wang FH, Xu XL, Zeng Q, Liu LJ, Liu F, … et al. 2025. Microfungi associated with walnut trees in southwestern China. Mycosphere 16(1): 2002-2258. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/16/1/12.
Zhang N, Zhao S, Shen Q. 2011. A six-gene phylogeny reveals the evolution of mode of infection in the rice blast fungus and allied species. Mycologia 103(6): 1267-1276. https://doi.org/10.3852/11-022.
Zhang ZX, Shang YX, Liu QY, Li DH, Yin CZ, … et al. 2025. Deciphering the evolutionary and taxonomic complexity of Diaporthales (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) through integrated phylogenomic and divergence time estimation. Fungal Diversity 132: 1-125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-025-00551-4.

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 25 October 2025
  • Receive Date: 28 September 2025
  • Revise Date: 19 October 2025
  • Accept Date: 21 October 2025
  • Publish Date: 25 October 2025