Occurrence and pathogenicity of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum as the causal agent of dieback on mango in Hormozgan Province, Iran

Document Type : Short Article

Authors

1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, 78671-55311, Iran

2 Plant Protection Research Department, Baluchestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Iranshahr, Iran

Abstract

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most valuable tropical fruit crops cultivated extensively in the southern regions of Iran, particularly in Hormozgan Province. In September and October of 2022, symptoms including leaf wilting, twig and branch dieback and necrosis were observed in several mango orchards in this region. Samples were collected from symptomatic trees, and a fungal species was isolated from the infected tissues. According to morphological features of the asexual structures, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum was identified. Pathogenicity was confirmed through Koch’s postulates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of mango dieback caused by N. dimidiatum in Iran.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Abdollahzadeh J, Javadi A, Mohammadi GE, Zare R, Phillips AJ. 2010. Phylogeny and morphology of four new species of Lasiodiplodia from Iran. Persoonia. 25: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158510X524150.
Antony S, Billones‐Baaijens R, Stodart BJ, Steel CC, Lang MD, Savocchia S. 2023. Incidence and distribution of Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with dieback in walnut orchards in Australia. Plant Pathology. 72(3): 610-622. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/ppa.13685.
Armand A, Fallah, M, Absalan S, Rathnayaka AR, Braun U, Taylor PWJ, ... et al. 2025. Mango Microcosm: Unveiling the species diversity and pathogenic potential of fungi isolated from mango (Mangifera indica) in northern Thailand. Fungal Biology. 129(3): 101552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2025.101552.
Crous PW, Slippers B, Wingfield MJ, Rheeder J, Marasas WF, Philips AJ, ... et al. 2006. Phylogenetic lineages in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Studies in Mycology. 55(1): 235-253. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.55.1.235.
Dehghani K, Amirmijani AR, Pordel A. 2022. Fungal species associated with leaf spot of mango trees in Iran. Mycologia Iranica. 9: 75-83. https://doi.org/10.22092/MI.2023.360736.1241.
Dehghani K, Amirmijani AR, Pordel A. 2024. Identification and pathogenicity of fungal species associated with leaf spot of mango trees in the south of Iran. Journal of Advances in Plant Protection. 1: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.22103/JAPP.2024.22588.1000.
Derviş S, Özer G. 2023. Plant-associated Neoscytalidium dimidiatum—Taxonomy, host range, epidemiology, virulence, and management strategies: A comprehensive review. Journal of Fungi. 9(11): 1048. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9111048.
Ershad D. 2022. Fungi and fungal analogues of Iran. 4th ed. Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Iran. 695 pp. Jedele S, Hau AM, von Oppen M. 2003. An analysis of the world market for mangos and its importance for developing countries. Conference on international agricultural research for development. Vol. 1: 8-10.
Huang SK, Tangthirasunun N, Phillips AJ, Dai DQ, Wanasinghe DN, Wen TC, ... et al. 2016. Morphology and Phylogeny of Neoscytalidium orchidacearum sp. nov. (Botryosphaeriaceae). Mycobiology. 44(2): 79-84. https://doi.org/10.5941/MYCO.2016.44.2.79.
Hussain T, Khan FA, Sikander RA. 2024. Assessment of mycotic diseases attack on indigenous old mango plants grown in Vatala Park, Tehsil Bernala District Bhimber, Azad Kashmir. Natural Resources Conservation and Research. 6(2): 2985. https://doi.org/10.24294/nrcr.v6i2.2985.
Karampour F, Ershad D. 2008. Identification and study on fungal agents of dieback and decline of mango seedlings. 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Hamedan, Iran. pp. 3.
Mirzaee MR, Azadvar M, Ershad D. 2002. The incidence of Lasiodiplodia theobromae the cause of fruit and stem-end rot of mango in Iran. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology. 38: 62-65.
Nouri MT, Lawrence DP, Yaghmour MA, Michailides TJ, Trouillas FP. 2018. Neoscytalidium dimidiatum causing canker, shoot blight and fruit rot of almond in California. Plant disease. 102(8): 1638-1647. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-17-1967-RE.
Nourian A, Salehi M, Safaie N, Khelghatibana F, Abdollahzadeh J. 2021. Fungal canker agents in apple production hubs of Iran. Scientific Reports. 11: 22646. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02245-8.
Petrak F. 1956. Iranische Pilze. Sydowia. 10: 1-17.
Phillips AJ, Alves A, Abdollahzadeh J, Slippers B, Wingfield MJ, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW. 2013. The Botryosphaeriaceae: genera and species known from culture. Studies in Mycology. 76(1): 51-167. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim0021.
Ploetz RC, Freeman S. 2009. Foliar, floral and soilborne diseases. In: The mango: botany, production and uses (Litz RE, editor) 231-302. CABI, Wallingford UK. Pordel A, Amirmijani AR, Azadvar M, Najafiniya M. 2024. Identification of fungal species associated with dieback of tropical fruit trees in Sistan and Baluchestan and Kerman provinces. Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science. 55(1): 137-158. doi: 10.22059/ijpps.2025.380854.1007064.
Raeisi A, Mohammadi H. 2025. Neoscytalidium dimidiatum (Botryosphaeriaceae, Ascomycota) associated branch, bud, fruit and seed of mango (Mangifera indica L.) trees in Iran. The 3rd international and 4th national conference on Agriculture, Environment and Food security, Jiroft, Iran.
Rahimzadeh M, Rastegar S. 2017. Heavy metals residue in cultivated mango samples from Iran. Journal of food quality and hazards control. 4(1): 29-31.
Ray JD, Burgess T, Lanoiselet VM. 2010. First record of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum and N. novaehollandiae on Mangifera indica and N. dimidiatum on Ficus carica in Australia. Australasian Plant Disease Notes. 5(1): 48-50. https://doi.org/10.1071/DN10018.
Rayner RW. 1970. A Mycological Colour Chart.
Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew and British
Mycological Society.
Sakalidis ML, Ray JD, Lanoiselet V, Hardy GES, Burgess TI. 2011. Pathogenic Botryosphaeriacea associated with Mangifera indica in the Kimberley Region of Western Australia. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 130: 379-391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-011-9760-z.
Sharma G, Elazar M, Maymon M, Meshram V, Freeman S. 2024. Identification and pathogenicity of Lasiodiplodia and Neoscytalidium species associated with mango (Mangifera indica) dieback disease in Israel. Phytoparasitica. 52(1): 8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-024-01123-z.
Sutton BC, Dyko BJ. 1989. Revision of Hendersonula. Mycological Research. 93(4): 466-488.
Youssef SA, Shalaby AA, Abd El-Monem WH, Abd El-Ghany KM, Sharma G, Elazar M, et al. 2023. Identification and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeria species associated with mango dieback disease in Egypt and Israel. In XIII International Mango Symposium. 1415: 257-264.
Zahedi S, Asgarian Z, Ersi F, Seyd A. 2016 Evaluating Marketability of Ten Selected Cultivars of Mango. Open Journal of Ecology. 6: 219-224. https://doi.org/10.4236/oje.2016.65022.
Zakii Z, Ashkan M, Shrafatian D. 1995. Postharvest pathogenic fungi of grapes. 12th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Karaj, Iran: pp. 236.
Zebarjad A, Ershad D. 2008. Study on importance, distribution and etiology of mango anthracnose disease in Baluchestan. 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Hamedan, Iran: pp. 161.
 
 

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 28 June 2025
  • Receive Date: 12 June 2025
  • Revise Date: 20 June 2025
  • Accept Date: 25 June 2025
  • Publish Date: 28 June 2025