Morphological and molecular characterization of Spegazzinia tessarthra (Ascomycota, Didymosphaeriaceae) from Iran

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

2 Higher Education Center Shahid Bakeri Miyandoab, Urmia University, Miyandoab, Iran

3 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

10.22043/MI.2024.364716.1272

Abstract

During the study of fungal taxa of gramineous plants, a hyphomycetous fungus with typical characteristics of the genus Spegazzinia was isolated from leaves of Brachypodium sp. (Poaceae), collected in Mazandaran province, Iran. The fungal species was determined as Spegazzinia tessarthra based on the combination of morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS-rDNA) region and a partial region of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef1-α) sequences. In this study, we introduce S. tessarthra, saprobic on Brachypodium sp. leaves, as a new record for the Funga of Iran and Brachypodium sp. as a new substrate for the species. The description and illustrations of Spegazzinia tessarthra from Iran have been provided, and its morphology and phylogenetic relationships with other species of Spegazzinia have been discussed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a species from the genus Spegazzinia in Iran, and further research is needed to determine the diversity of Spegazzinia species in the country.

Keywords

References

Ahmadpour, A., Ghosta, Y. and Poursafar, A. 2021. Novel species of Alternaria section Nimbya from Iran as revealed by morphological and molecular data. Mycologia 113(5): 1073–1088.
Bakhshi, M., Zare, R. and Ershad, D. 2022. A detailed account on the statistics of the Fungi and fungus-like taxa of Iran. Mycologia Iranica 9(2): 1–96.
Calabon, M.S., Jones, E.G., Promputtha, I. and Hyde, K.D. 2021. Fungal biodiversity in salt marsh ecosystems. Journal of Fungi 7(8): 648.
Cole, G.T. 1974. Conidiophore and conidium ontogeny in Spegazzinia tessarthra. Canadian Journal of Botany 52(6): 1259–1264.
Crous, P.W., Carnegie, A.J., Wingfield, M.J., Sharma, R., Mughini, G., et al. 2019. Fungal Planet description sheets: 868–950. Persoonia 42: 291–473.
Damon, S. C. 1953. Notes on the hyphomycetous genera, Spegazzinia Sacc. and Isthmospora Stevens. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 80(3): 155–165.
Ellis, M. B. 1971. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, England.
Ellis, M.B. 1976. More dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, England.
Ershad, D. 2022. Fungi and fungal analogues of Iran. Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran.
Farr, D.F. and Rossman, A.Y. 2023. Fungal databases, U.S. National Fungus Collections, ARS, USDA. https://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/. Retrieved September 25, 2023.
 Hongsanan, S., Hyde, K. D., Phookamsak, R., Wanasinghe, D. N., McKenzie, et al. 2020. Refined families of Dothideomycetes: Dothideomycetidae and Pleosporomycetidae. Mycosphere 11(1):1553–2107.
Hughes, S.J. 1953. Fungi from the Gold Coast. II. Mycological Paper 50: 1–104.
Hyde, K.D., Fröhlich, J. and Taylor, J.E. 1998. Fungi from palms. XXXVI. Reflections on unitunicate ascomycetes with apiospores. Sydowia 50(1): 21–80.
Jayasiri, S. C., Hyde, K. D., Jones, E. B. G., McKenzie, E. H. C., Jeewon, et al. 2019. Diversity, morphology and molecular phylogeny of Dothideomycetes on decaying wild seed pods and fruits. Mycosphere 10(1): 1–186.
Jayawardena, R. S., Hyde, K. D., Wang, S., Sun, Y. R., Suwannarach, N., et al. 2022. Fungal diversity notes 1512–1610: Taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa. Fungal Diversity 117(1): 1–272.
Katoh, K., Rozewicki, J. and Yamada, K.D. 2019. MAFFT online service: multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization. Briefings in bioinformatics 20(4): 1160–1166.
Kirschner, R., Villarreal, R.V.S. and Hofmann, T.A. 2017. A new species of Shrungabeeja (Tetraplosphaeriaceae) and new records of saprobic dematiaceous hyphomycetes on Poaceae from the high mountains of Panama. Sydowia 69: 153–160.
Korbie, D.J. and Mattick, J.S. 2008. Touchdown PCR for increased specificity and sensitivity in PCR amplification. Nature protocols 3(9): 1452–1456.
Leão-Ferreira, S.M., and Gusmão, L.F.P. 2010. Conidial fungi from the semi-arid Caatinga biome of Brazil. New species of Endophragmiella and Spegazzinia with new records for Brazil, South America, and Neotropica. Mycotaxon 111(1): 1–10.
Maddison, W.P. and D.R. Maddison. 2021. Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis. Version 3.70. http://www.mesquiteproject.org.
Manish, T., Gupta, R.C. and Yogesh, J. (2014). Spegazzinia tessarthra isolated as a true endophyte from lichen Heterodermia flabellata. Indian Phytopathology 67(1): 109–110.
Manoharachary, C. and Kunwar, I.K. 2010. Spegazzinia species from India. In: Taxonomy and ecology of Indian fungi (K.G. Mukerji & C. Manoharachary, eds): 13-18. IK International Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, India.
McLennan, E.I., Tucker, S.C. and Thrower, L.B. 1954. New soil fungi from Australian heathland: Aspergillus, Penicillium, Spegazzinia. Australian Journal of Botany 2(3): 355–364.
Mena-Portales, J., Cantillo-Perez, T. and Minter, D.W. 2017. A new species of the conidial fungal genus Spegazzinia (Pleosporales Didymosphaeriaceae) collected on sugarcane in Cuba. Phytotaxa, 331(2): 295–298.
Miller, M. A., Pfeiffer, W. and Schwartz, T. 2012. The CIPRES science gateway: enabling high-impact science for phylogenetics researchers with limited resources. In: Proceedings of the 1st Conference of the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment: Bridging from the extreme to the campus and beyond (pp. 1-8).
Nylander, J.A.A. 2004 MrModeltest 2.3. Computer program and documentation distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Sweden.
Rambaut, A. 2019 FigTree, a graphical viewer of phylogenetic trees. Available from: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree.
Rayner, R.W. 1970. A mycological colour chart. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, UK.
Rehner, S.A. and Buckley, E. 2005. A Beauveria phylogeny inferred from nuclear ITS and EF1-α sequences: evidence for cryptic diversification and links to Cordyceps teleomorphs. Mycologia 97(1): 84-98.
Ren, G., Wanasinghe, D.N., de Farias, A.R.G., Hyde, K.D., Yasanthika, E., et al. 2022. Taxonomic Novelties of Woody Litter Fungi (Didymosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales) from the Greater Mekong Subregion. Biology 11(11): 1660.
Ronquist, F. and Huelsenbeck, J.P. 2003. MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19(12): 1572–1574.
Saccardo, P.A. 1882. Conspectus generum fungorum italiae inferiorum nempe ad Sphaeropsideas, Melanconieas et Hyphomyceteas pertinentium, systemate sporologico dispositu. Michelia 2: 1–38.
Samarakoon, B.C., Phookamsak, R., Wanasinghe, D.N., Chomnunti, P., Hyde, K.D., et al. 2020b. Taxonomy and phylogenetic appraisal of Spegazzinia musae sp. nov. and S. deightonii (Didymosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales) on Musaceae from Thailand. MycoKeys, 70, 19–37.
Samarakoon, B.C., Wanasinghe, D.N., Samarakoon, M.C., Phookamsak, R., McKenzie, et al. 2020a. Multi-gene phylogenetic evidence suggests Dictyoarthrinium belongs in Didymosphaeriaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) and Dictyoarthrinium musae sp. nov. on Musa from Thailand. MycoKeys 71: 101–118.
Sivasithamparam, K. 1974. Spegazzinia parkeri sp. nov. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 62(2): 427–429.
Suwannarach, N., Kumla, J. and Lumyong, S. 2021. Spegazzinia camelliae sp. nov. (Didymosphaeriaceae, Pleosprales), a new endophytic fungus from northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 483(2): 117–128.
Swofford, D. and Sullivan, J. 2003. Phylogeny inference based on parsimony and other methods using PAUP. In: The phylogenetic handbook: a practical approach to DNA and protein phylogeny (M. Salemi, & A. Vandamme, eds): 160-206. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A. and Kumar, S. 2013. MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30(12): 2725–2729.
Tanaka, K., Hirayama, K., Yonezawa, H., Sato, G., Toriyabe, A., et al. 2015. Revision of the Massarineae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). Studies in Mycology 82: 75–136.
Tennakoon, D.S., Thambugala, K.M., Silva, N.I.D., Suwannarach, N. and Lumyong, S. 2022. A taxonomic assessment of novel and remarkable fungal species in Didymosphaeriaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) from plant litter. Frontiers in Microbiology 13: 1016285.
Thambugala, K.M., Wanasinghe, D.N., Phillips, A.J.L., Camporesi, E., Bulgakov, T.S., et al. 2017. Mycosphere notes 1–50: grass (Poaceae) inhabiting Dothideomycetes. Mycosphere 8(4): 697–796.
Wanasinghe, D.N., Jones, E.B.G., Camporesi, E., Dissanayake, A. J., Kamolhan, S., et al. 2016. Taxonomy and phylogeny of Laburnicola gen. nov. and Paramassariosphaeria gen. nov. (Didymosphaeriaceae, Massarineae, Pleosporales). Fungal Biology 120(11): 1354–1373.
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. and Taylor, J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications (M.A. Innis, D.H. Gelfand, J.J. Sninsky & T.J. White, eds): 315–322. Academic Press, New York, USA.
Whitton, S.R., McKenzie, E.H., Hyde, K.D., Whitton, S.R., McKenzie, E.H., and Hyde, K.D. 2012. Anamorphic fungi associated with Pandanaceae. In: Fungi associated with Pandanaceae (S.R. Whitton, E.H. McKenzie, & K.D Hyde, eds): 125–353. Springer, Netherlands.
Wijayawardene, D.N.N., McKenzie, E.H.C., and Hyde, K.D. 2012. Towards incorporating anamorphic fungi in a natural classification–checklist and notes for 2011. Mycosphere 3(2): 157–228.
Mycologia Iranica
Volume 10, Issue 2
December 2023
Pages 121-130

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics