Iranian Mycological SocietyMycologia Iranica2382-96647220201201A review on Pyricularia oryzae; biological and taxonomical finding in Iran16317012428210.22043/mi.2020.124282ENA. PordelPlant Protection Research Department, Baluchestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Iranshahr, IranM. Javan-NikkhahDepartment of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran0000-0001-9533-0157Journal Article20201020The review provides an overview of the biological and taxonomical findings of the blast disease causal agent, <em>Pyricularia oryzae</em>, in Iran. Comprehensive and comparative symptomology and geographical distribution of the <em>P. oryzae</em> strains are described. The taxonomic history of the <em>P. oryzae</em> compares to close species is illustrated and the host specificity and the population genetics of the strains obtained from weeds and crops are elucidated. Sexual status and mating type information of <em>P. oryzae are also discussed.</em>https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_124282_27ed55ec68c7e837c8600b9bbe0f9b71.pdfIranian Mycological SocietyMycologia Iranica2382-96647220201201A new species and a new combination in Waitea (Corticiales, Basidiomycota) and the phylogenetic affinity of Disporotrichum17117912428010.22043/mi.2021.124280ENG. GruhnOffice National des Forêts (ONF), 5 avenue Mirandol, F-48000 Mende, FranceM. Ghobad-NejhadDepartment of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran0000-0002-7807-4187Journal Article20200721The new corticioid species <em>Waitea guianensis</em> was described and illustrated from French Guiana, based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence. It was characterized by thin, resupinate basidiomata on wood, isodiametric subhymenial hyphae, lack of clamps, tetrasporic clavate basidia with median constriction, and ellipsoid basidiospores. Ex-holotype DNA sequences from the nuclear ribosomal regions ITS, nLSU, and nSSU were obtained. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed a close relationship of the new species to <em>Waitea circinata</em>. In addition, the new combination <em>Waitea arvalis</em> is proposed, based on <em>Laetisaria arvalis</em>. The monotypic genus <em>Disporotrichum</em> is revealed to belong in the Corticiales, Corticiaceae. A key to the accepted species in <em>Waitea</em> is provided.https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_124280_33450337e90cf0873ce0a6cfa4a2e8ba.pdfIranian Mycological SocietyMycologia Iranica2382-96647220201201New record of boxwood volutella blight fungal agents in Iran18118612307910.22043/mi.2020.123079ENS. A. MousaviDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, IranS. MousanejadDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, IranA. RouhibakhshDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, IranS. A. KhodaparastDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran0000-0002-7480-4170Journal Article20201019During the study on boxwood blight from 2016 to 2017, some isolates of <em>Pseudonectria</em> were isolated from boxwood leaves and branches. Fungi were isolated and purified using conventional methods. According to the morphological characteristics and ITS rDNA sequences, two species of <em>Pseudonectria</em> viz. <em>P. buxi</em> and <em>P. foliicola</em> were identified. Moreover, the pathogenicity of these two species under laboratory and greenhouse conditions was examined. None of the species were able to produce disease on the healthy plant leaves, and leaf wounds were necessary to establish the infection. According to our knowledge, this is the first report of <em>Pseudonectria</em> species on boxwood from Iran.https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_123079_3392b3ec15a63515950b2f69c17ee1c3.pdfIranian Mycological SocietyMycologia Iranica2382-96647220201201Cellulolytic fungi from degraded woods of Arasbaran forest, Iran18719412428110.22043/mi.2021.124281ENM. EbadiDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran0000-0003-1123-7102Sh. Yeganeh-AhmadiDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, IranM. PazhangDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, IranF. Mahmoudi KurdiDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, IranS. MollaeiDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20200826Cellulose is the most abundant component of lignocellulose with a vast range of applications in various fields such as nanotechnology, pharmacy, food industry. The cellulase enzyme complex consists of three major enzymes, including endoglucanases, exoglucanases, and beta-glucosidases, which are capable of decomposing cellulose. In this study, various fungal species were isolated from the degraded woods of Arasbaran forests. The activity zone technique was used to screen cellulolytic fungi. Based on the results, three fungal isolates had the highest cellulolytic activity. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region and the isolates were classified into two genera as follows: <em>Trichoderma</em> and <em>Aspergillus</em>. The cellulolytic activity of three fungal isolates was measured by the DNS method and indicated that<br /><em>T. harzianum</em> has the highest activity (22.3 U/mg) compared with other isolates. Afterward, the growth <em>condition of</em><em> T. harzianum</em> was optimized by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to obtain a high amount of cellulase activity. The results indicated that the maximum amount of cellulase production (38.3 U/mg) was observed at 1.5% CMC, 0.51% peptone, pH 5, temperature 26.4°C, and incubation for about 3 days. Therefore, <em>T. harzianum</em> could be considered as a potential candidate for genetic improvement and enzyme production.https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_124281_f976df919ad1b2086f1e2bbee001782a.pdfIranian Mycological SocietyMycologia Iranica2382-96647220201201Population genetics and gene sequence analysis of Athelia rolfsii collected from Northern Iran19520312401210.22043/mi.2021.124012ENZ. MehriDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, IranS. A. KhodaparastDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran0000-0002-7480-4170A. AalamiDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, IranS. MousanejadDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, IranH. MasigolDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran0000-0003-2483-7799H. P. GrossartDepartment of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany0000-0002-9141-0325Journal Article20200201<em>Athelia rolfsii</em> is a globally dispersed pathogenic fungus, causing white root rot disease in many crops and horticultural plants. In this study, 90 isolates were collected from three provinces of Guilan, Mazandaran and Golestan in northern Iran. Eighteen isolates were selected for sequence analyses based on their host, sampling sites and Mycelial Compatibility Groups (MCG). Translation elongation factor 1-α(<em>tef1-α</em>), β-tubulin (<em>tub2</em>) genes and rDNA large subunit (LSU) were partially amplified and sequenced in order to conduct phylogenetic analyses. Approximately, all Iranian isolates clustered together in both <em>tef1-α </em>and LSU phylogenetic trees. However, after deletion of ambiguous sites, no variations were observed in <em>tub2 </em>sequences. ISSR and SCoT were also used to investigate the genetic structure of the population. Results of the molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) showed that 70 and 30% of the observed variance corresponded to the difference between and within the populations, respectively. According to these findings, we suggest that mating between populations would be less likely and thus, gene flow is restricted.https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_124012_d4d52d37d17223b57922f0b41d34663c.pdfIranian Mycological SocietyMycologia Iranica2382-96647220201201Morphological and molecular characterization of Cytospora species involved in apple decline in Iran20521812390710.22043/mi.2021.123907ENR. AziziDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran0000-0002-1288-6967Y. GhostaDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran0000-0003-4038-2448A. AhmadpourHigher Education Center of Shahid Bakeri, Urmia University, Miyandoab, Iran0000-0002-4697-2230Journal Article20200811In a recent survey on apple orchards showing stem canker, dieback and decline symptoms in West Azerbayjan province, Iran, several fungal isolates with typical characteristics of the genus <em>Cytospora</em> were obtained. Combination of morphological and cultural characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer region of the nrDNA (ITS-rDNA) and parts of large subunit of ribosomal DNA (LSU), actin (ACT) and RNA polymerase II (RPB2) genes were used to accurate delimitation of fungal species. Four <em>Cytospora</em> species <em>viz</em>. <em>C. chrysosperma</em>, <em>C. germanica</em>, <em>C. paratranslucens</em> and <em>C. salicina</em> were identified. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on detached branches of ‘Golden delicious’ and ‘Red delicious’ apple cultivars. Isolates of <em>C. salicina</em> caused characteristic lesions on both ‘Golden delicious’ and ‘Red delicious’ apple cultivars, while isolates of <em>C. chrysosperma</em>, <em>C. germanica</em> and <em>C. paratranslucens</em> were only pathogenic on ‘Red delicious’ apple cultivar. Re-isolation and identification of the inoculated fungi confirmed Koch’s postulates. This study indicated the presence of different <em>Cytospora</em> species causing apple canker, dieback and decline disease in the studied area. <em>Cytospora germanica</em> and<em> C. salicina</em> are reported for the first time as causal agents of apple canker disease. Moreover, these species are reported as new records for the mycobiota of Iran.https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_123907_a7e1de9c6f027d5da7ec69ce9d3cfb7f.pdfIranian Mycological SocietyMycologia Iranica2382-96647220201201Novel endophytic species of Talaromyces sect. Talaromyces associated with saffron plant to the mycobiota of Iran21922912438310.22043/mi.2021.124383ENH. VardasbiDepartment of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, IranH. SaremiDepartment of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, IranKh.-B. FotouhifarDepartment of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, IranH. KavehDepartment of Plant Production, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Torbat Heydariyeh, Khorasan Razavi, IranM. Javan-NikkhahDepartment of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran0000-0001-9533-0157Journal Article20200423In an investigation of the biodiversity of endophytic fungal species associated with saffron plant in Iran's main saffron cultivation regions, five isolates belong to <em>Talaromyces </em>genuswere obtained. The isolates identified as <em>Talaromyces versatilis</em>, <em>T. aurantiacus</em>, <em>T. pinophilus</em>, <em>T. funiculosus</em>, and <em>T. purpureogenus </em>by morphological and molecular criteria. To our knowledge, two species, including <em>Talaromyces versatilis</em> and <em>T. aurantiacus </em>are the first reports for the mycobiota of Iran.https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_124383_b8649e6d0214c4153f1983cc306b52ba.pdfIranian Mycological SocietyMycologia Iranica2382-96647220201201Alternaria telliensis, a new causal agent of cabbage leaf spot disease in Iran23123912390610.22043/mi.2021.123906ENA. PoursafarDepartment of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran0000-0002-4296-8197Y. GhostaDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran0000-0003-4038-2448R. AziziDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran0000-0002-1288-6967Journal Article20200725In order to study of cabbage leaf spot disease in Damavand region, Tehran province, Iran, symptomatic cabbage leaves (<em>Brassica oleracea</em> var. <em>capitata</em>) were collected during the late summer and fall of 2017. Twenty-one isolates with the main characteristics of the genus <em>Alternaria</em> were isolated from lesions on the cabbage leaves. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis using multi-gene sequences, they were identified as <em>Alternaria telliensis</em>. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on cabbage leaves under greenhouse conditions and characteristic lesions were formed on inoculated leaves. Re-isolation of the inoculated fungus from the treated leaves confirmed Koch’s postulates. Based on the available information, this is the first occurrence of <em>A. telliensis</em> as a new species and pathogen to cabbage plants in Iran.https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_123906_8d3edc7035a28d2836f34e18e7b3c249.pdfIranian Mycological SocietyMycologia Iranica2382-96647220201201First record of Dactylonectria macrodidyma causing black root rot on strawberry24124612451110.22043/mi.2020.124511ENA. HabibiDepartment of Biodiversity, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran0000-0002-1359-6953F. GhaderiDepartment of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iranhttps://orcid.org/00Journal Article20200522<span lang="EN-US">Strawberry is a major fruit cultivated in Kerman greenhouses. </span><span lang="EN-US">During visiting strawberry cultivation greenhouses, black r</span><span lang="EN-US">oot rot symptoms were detected on strawberry plants. In order to identify the causal agents of the disease, symptomatic tissues were collected and transferred to the laboratory. <em>Cylindrocarpon</em>-like isolates were consistently recovered from infected tissues. Based on morphological characteristics as well as sequence data, the causal agent was identified as <em>Dactylonectria</em><em>macrodidyma</em>. Colonies of <em>D. macrodidyma</em> on PDA were brown with yellow (honey) pigmentation at the margins. Macroconidia on SNA medium were 1–3 (–4) septate, straight, cylindrical (sometimes widening toward the tip), apical cell slightly bent to one side, </span><span lang="EN-US">40 (±11) × 6.3 (±1.8) µm </span><span lang="EN-US">with free-standing, slender, unbranched conidiophores. Microconidia with 0–1 septum, ellipsoid and ovoid </span><span lang="EN-US">10.5 (±3.2) × 4.1 (±1.6) µm</span><span lang="EN-US">. The results of pathogenicity tests showed that the tested isolates were pathogenic to strawberry. According to the knowledge, this is the first report of <em>D. macrodidyma</em> on strawberry.</span>https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_124511_49e9d6e72182a519cb8164001a643de4.pdfIranian Mycological SocietyMycologia Iranica2382-96647220201201Phaeoacremonium tuscanicum, a new fungal pathogen associated with oak decline in Zagros forests, Iran24725212442410.22043/mi.2021.124424ENS. BashiriDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran0000-0002-2304-3893J. AbdollahzadehDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iranhtpp://orcid.org/000A. EvidenteDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italyhtpp://orcid.org/000Journal Article20200602An extensive survey on phylogeny and pathology of fungi associated with the oak decline in Zagros forests located in Western Azarbaijan, Kurdistan, Kermanshah, Lorestan, and Ilam provinces, a large number of collected fungal isolates seventeen isolates morphologically resembled the members of <em>Phaeoacremonium</em>. Similar DNA fingerprinting patterns were generated for all isolates using M13 primer. Thus, one representative isolate (IRAN 4348C) was analyzed based on <em>tub2</em> sequence data using maximum parsimony and neighbor-joining algorithms and identified as <em>Phaeoacremonium tuscanicum</em>. Pathogenicity was confirmed following Koch’s postulates on two-year-old <em>Quercus brantii</em> seedlings under greenhouse conditions. To our knowledge, it is the first time <em>Ph. tuscanicum</em> is reported from oak trees and confirmed as a pathogenic fungal species on <em>Q. brantii</em> in the world.https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_124424_e380b340fe5abda3dace7527283968f4.pdfIranian Mycological SocietyMycologia Iranica2382-96647220201201Morphological and molecular characterization of Podosphaera lini on Linum usitatissimum in IRAN25325712451010.22043/mi.2021.124510ENS. Tahery ArdestaniSeed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, IranS. A. KhodaparastDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran0000-0002-7480-4170A. Abbasi MoghaddamSeed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran0000-0001-5984-6455F. GhanavatiSeed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, IranH. DarsaraeiDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, IranJournal Article20200707<em>Linum usitatissimum</em>, known as flax, is grown all around the world. Powdery mildew is a common disease on this crop so that this disease has been described from most flax-growing areas of the world. Clear symptoms of powdery mildew were observed on the field of different flax cultivars of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute of Iran in 2020 growing season. The causal pathogen of flax powdery mildew was identified as <em>Podosphaera lini</em> based on the morphological features and the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequence. This is the first documented report of <em>P. lini</em> from flax in Iran.https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_124510_4ea247cac8e0901f79c7e05f7865ced2.pdfIranian Mycological SocietyMycologia Iranica2382-96647220201201Lecanicillium fungicola, the predominant cause of Agaricus bisporus basidiocarp deformity in Isfahan, Alborz and Khuzestan provinces25926112440510.22043/mi.2020.124405ENF. MemarzadehDepartment of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, IranB. SharifnabiDepartment of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran0000-0001-9800-199XR. EslamizadehJolgeh Dez Agricultural Company, Dezfoul, IranJournal Article20200529---------------<br />---------------<br />---------------https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_124405_5d8643415d8e6c3dd1699d270d88a958.pdf