Iranian Mycological Society Mycologia Iranica 2383-000X 6 2 2019 12 01 Phenotypic plasticity of the isolates assigned to Pythium plurisporium 59 71 121377 10.22043/mi.2020.121377 EN F. Salmaninezhad Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 0000-0002-9043-005X R. Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Journal Article 2019 08 29 Pythium plurisporium was originally isolated from the roots of bentgrass (Agrostis palustris). It is characterized by the production of multiple oospores in oogonium, which mostly has pedicellated stalk and swollen elements below its stalk. There are not many reports of the occurrence of this species in the literature. Recently, a report of recovering P. plurisporium isolates from Iran has been presented. Nevertheless, the re-examination of the isolates referring to P. plurisporium using morphological identification as well as multiple gene genealogies, using both nuclear (ITS and Btub) and mitochondrial (cox2) loci, arises the question about the existence of intraspecific phenotypic variation within this species. A revision of morphological characteristics among isolates assigned to P. plurisporium is discussed in the present paper.

https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_121377_48a0d597506417cbeffe8b0409eb1f59.pdf

Iranian Mycological Society Mycologia Iranica 2383-000X 6 2 2019 12 01 Two–dimensional and chitinase activity analysis of a novel mutant of Trichoderma koningii for biodegradation of Macrophomina phaseolina cell walls 73 87 121450 10.22043/mi.2020.121450 EN F. Goharzad Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran M. A. Tajick Ghanbary Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran S. Shahbazi Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI), Karaj, Iran H. Askari Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI), Karaj, Iran Journal Article 2020 09 04 The role of extracellular enzymes in mycoparasitism of Trichoderma spp. have been demonstrated in several cases. Trichoderma spp . produces several chitinolytic enzymes and this fungus is known as a powerful antagonist against Macrophomiona phaseolina, the causal agent of charcoal rot disease of soybean. In this study, two–dimensional protein pattern analysis and chitinaseactivity evaluation were performed for an Iranian Trichoderma koningii strain (NAS–K1) and its generated mutants were measured to indicate the potential role of endochitinases (N–acetylglucosam–inidase (NAG–I and NAG–II)) in its mycoparasitism. The results of chitinase activity assay using chitin and cell walls of M. phaseolina as substrates showed that the mutant isolates have significantly more enzyme activity compared to the wild type strain. The specific endochitinase enzyme activity in the mutant NAS–K1M25 was increased to approximately 2.5 times more and secreted three times more endochitinase than that of the wild type strain. This superior mutant showed up to 65% growth inhabitation against M. phaseolina in dual culture test (five times more than the wild type strain). Moreover, this strain showed sharper spots belong to endochitinase, and N–acetylglucosaminidase (I & II) presented in SDS–PAGE and 2D electrophoresis. Overall, induced mutation by gamma irradiation could be a useful method to develop such superior mutants, and the mutant NAS–K1M25 could be used as a potential biological control agent candidate for plant disease management programs of M. phaseolina. However, more detailed fermentation, formulation and field trial studies should be performed to finalize its biocontrol potentials.

https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_121450_9237aeb44a524d3fa3cda670791492ba.pdf

Iranian Mycological Society Mycologia Iranica 2383-000X 6 2 2019 12 01 Genetic diversity of Ascochyta lentis in Ilam and Kermanshah provinces using SSR Markers 89 99 122233 10.22043/mi.2020.122233 EN M. Meftahi Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran K. Nourollahi Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran M. Mirab-balou Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran Journal Article 2019 03 03 Ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta lentis is one of the most important diseases of lentil in the world. This disease has been reported in various areas in Iran causing serious damages every year. Currently, the use of resistant cultivars is considered the most effective and environmentally sustainable strategy for disease control. This study was carried out to determine the genetic diversity of A. lentis populations. For this purpose, samples were collected from eight different regions of Ilam and Kermanshah provinces including: Ilam, Ayvan, Malekshahi, Sirvan, Chardavol, Islamabad, Gilan-e Gharb, Sarpul-e Zahab. After isolation, purification and morphological identification, genetic variation of 94 A. lentis isolates were assessed using three pairs of SSR primers. Based on molecular analysis, 34 alleles were observed among the populations, and average number of alleles was 1.688. The amount of marker index (MI) in the ArA03T primers was the highest. The results of AMOVA analysis showed 92% variability within populations and 8% diversity among the populations. Total gene diversity (Ht) and gene diversities between populations (Hs) were estimated 0.315 and 0.269, respectively. Gene diversity attributable to differentiate among population (Gst) was 0.146, while gene flow (Nm) was 2.903. Cluster analysis based on UPGMA method showed the lowest genetic distance between Ayvan and Sarpol-e Zahab, afterward Ilam and the highest genetic distance between Islamabad and seven remaining populations. This is the first report and comprehensive survey of A. lentis pathogen genetic diversity in Iranian lentil fields. Results of this study can be useful in breeding programs with the aim of producing A. lentis resistant cultivars and developing effective methods for disease control.

https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_122233_e19ce427e080e1afb17ade73040a0a16.pdf

Iranian Mycological Society Mycologia Iranica 2383-000X 6 2 2019 12 01 Biodiversity of epiphytic yeasts on post-harvest table grapes in markets of Tabriz, Iran 101 111 122292 10.22043/mi.2020.122292 EN B. Ghanbarzadeh Department of Plant Protection. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran J. P. Sampaio UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal M. Arzanlou Department of Plant Protection. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Journal Article 2019 08 02 Several reports are available on species diversity of yeasts on grape berries in different grapevine producing countries, including Iran. However, there is a paucity of knowledge on species diversity of yeasts on post-harvest table grapes worldwide. Hence, this study was performed to explore the species diversity of epiphytic yeasts on post-harvest table grapes in markets of Tabriz, northwest Iran. Towards this aim, 120 grape samples, mostly Keshmesh, Shahani, Gezeluzum and Shast-arous cultivars, were purchased from selected main markets in Tabriz and subjected to yeast isolation. Total number of 180 epiphytic yeast isolates were recovered. The isolates were preliminary grouped based on the morphological characteristics and DNA fingerprinting profiles using MSP-PCR fingerprinting technique. The D1/D2 domain of the 26S rDNA was amplified and sequenced for one or two isolates representing each fingerprinting group. Totally, 20 isolates were sequenced and the phylogeny inferred from sequence data of D1/D2 region revealed a rich diversity of yeast species on post-harvest table grape berries. Sixteen yeast species belonging to both ascomycetes and basidiomycetes were identified. The majority of identified yeast species (75%) belonged to ascomycetes. Aureobasidium pullulans, Hanseniaspora uvarum and Metschnikowia sinensis are reported as the most frequently isolated yeasts. In this study, Clavispora lusitaniae and Cyberlindnera fabianii are newly reported on grape berries worldwide and C. lusitaniae, C. fabianii, Wickerhamomyces anomalus and Yamadazyma mexicana represent new records for the mycobiota of Iran.

https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_122292_526ac830af4310a0ac1a305edd5260a7.pdf

Iranian Mycological Society Mycologia Iranica 2383-000X 6 2 2019 12 01 Pyrenophora lolii , a new species for Iranian mycobiota 113 118 121823 10.22043/mi.2020.121823 EN A. Vasighzadeh Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran B. Sharifnabi Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran M. Javan-Nikkhah Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran E. H. Stukenbrock Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Kiel and Ploen, Germany Journal Article 2019 08 25 Pyrenophora lolii causes leaf spot on grasses including Festuca spp., Lolium spp., Dactylis spp., Avena sativa and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Infected oat leaves (Avena sativa) showing leaf spot symptoms were collected from the margin of barley fields in Golestan province of Iran during the spring of 2016. A morphological examination of the Pyrenophora specimen was carried out using light microscopy. Inoculation of oat leaves with the isolates of Pyrenophora lolii in greenhouse induced leaf spot on leaves. In order to confirm the morphological identification, sequences of glyceradehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) gene and Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were amplified using gpd1/2 and ITS1/4 primers, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis based on these sequences showed that the isolated Pyrenophora specimen clustered together with sequences of P. lolii. Based on result of morphological examination and phylogenetic analysis, it was concluded that the causal agent of leaf spot of A. sativa (oat) was P. lolii.

https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_121823_5414ab6810f10f605580ca96fc42a8f9.pdf

Iranian Mycological Society Mycologia Iranica 2383-000X 6 2 2019 12 01 Juglanconis juglandina a new record for the mycobiota of Iran 119 123 121260 10.22043/mi.2020.121260 EN A. Pourfaraj Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran M. Arzanlou Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran F. Abed-Ashtiani Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Journal Article 2019 05 25 During the study of fungal species associated with canker and dieback diseases of walnut trees (Juglans regia L.) in East Azerbaijan province, Iran, eight fungal isolates with similar characteristics resembling asexual stage of the genus Juglanconis were isolated from trees showing canker, dieback, and dead skin symptoms in Osko and Horand regions. Conidiomata on the host tissue were acervular and stromatic, 1 – 2.5 mm diam, blackish, scattered or confluent, covered with black conidial masses when mature. Conidiophores were unbranched or rarely branched at the base. Conidiogenous cells were cylindrical and annellidic. Conidia elliptic to ovate, truncate with distinct scar at the base, thick-walled and with distinct ornamentation on the inner side of the wall consisting of irregular confluent verrucae, hyaline when immature, brown to blackish when mature, covered with gelatinous sheath, (11)14–16 (–18) × (15–) 22–25 (–28) µm. Fungal isolates were identified as J. juglandina based on morphological characteristics and host association. Identification of the species was further confirmed by sequence analysis of the elongation factor (tef1-α) gene. Present study is the first report of J. juglandina for the mycobiota of Iran.

https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_121260_ff8b51a4de3a94f0d3d03e390da8c7ba.pdf

Iranian Mycological Society Mycologia Iranica 2383-000X 6 2 2019 12 01 New record of Cadophora interclivum from roots of Ferula ovina and F. felabelliloba in Iran 125 127 121423 10.22043/mi.2020.121423 EN Z. Tazik Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran K. Rahnama Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran M. Iranshahi Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran J. White Department of Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA H. Soltanloo Department of Biotechnology & Plant Breeding, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran Journal Article 2019 06 13 ------------ ------------ ------------

https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_121423_78f5773fa28811e51ea94a56655a5bf9.pdf