ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The current status of Pythium species in Iran: challenges in taxonomy
Pythium species are cosmopolitan, fungus-like oomycotes which may cause diseases in plants, animals and even human beings. Some of the species, however, are saprophytes and also well-proven biological control agents of plant pathogenic fungi. Since 1968, when the first Pythium species was reported from Iran, ca 44 species, two varieties, and five groups of this genus have been reported from different regions of Iran. Nevertheless, morphological or morphometric characters of only 35 species are more or less described. On the other hand more than 50% of these species have only been reported once. In the course of identification and classification of Pythium taxa in Iran, in addition to general obstacles, there exist some other problems. The lack of identification keys for the species; the absence of comprehensive checklists of the species, their dispersal and matrices; the lack of or the inadequacy of the species descriptions; unillustrated descriptions; generalization about the host names; unspecific geographical locations; unknown isolation matrices; the absence of type specimens in type culture collections; and the overlooking of molecular analyses, especially in the case of phylogenetic species are some of the challenges ahead. In this review, the prospects of future studies on the taxonomy of the Pythium species in Iran and the proposed solutions for the taxonomic challenges are discussed.
https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_19901_9526c6294dd8fa826e3a93fc44998e36.pdf
2015-12-01
79
87
10.22043/mi.2015.19901
Pythium spp
Straminopila
Oomycota
classification
identification
R.
Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa
rmostofi@shirazu.ac.ir
1
Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abad P, Zafari D, Mirabolfathi M. 2013. Identification of four new species of Pythium in Hamedan province. Iranian Journal of Plant Diseases Research 1: 77–89.
1
Afzali H,Banihashemi Z. 2000. A new record of a species of Pythium as a causal agent of sugar beet root rot in Iran. Proceedings of the 14th Iran Plant Protection Congress, Isfahan, Iran: 254.
2
Afzali H, Ershad D. 2006a. Study on mycoparasitic oomycetes of the causal agents of sugar beet root rot and damping-off in Khorasan province. Proceedings of the 17th Iran Plant Protection Congress, Karaj, Iran: 100.
3
Afzali H, Ershad D. 2006b. The causal agents of root rot and damping-off of sugar beet in Khorasan province and relation of plant age and Pythium spp. pathogenicity. Proceedings of the 17th Iran Plant Protection Congress, Karaj, Iran: 101.
4
Askari Farsangi S, Rouhani H, Falahati Rastegar M, Mahdikhani Moghadam E, Mokaram Hesar A. 2011. Identification of Pythium spp. and their pathogenicity on cucurbits in Khorasan-Razavi Province. Journal of Plant Protection25: 21–29.
5
Azizi Z, Sheikholeslami M, Amini J, Abbasi S.2012.Identification and pathogenicity of some isolates of Phytophthora and Pythium (sensu lato) from peach and nectarine in Kermanshah province. Proceedings of the 20th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Shiraz, Iran: 389.
6
Babai-Ahary A, Abrinnia M, Majidi Heravan I. 2004. Identification and pathogenicity of Pythium species causing damping-off in sugar beet in northwest Iran. Australasian Plant Pathology 33: 343–347.
7
Badali F, Abrinbana M. 2013. Identification of Pythium species in soils of West Azarbaijan Province, Iran. Proceedings of the 1th Iranian Mycological Congress, Rasht, Iran: 25.
8
Badali F, Abrinbana M, Abdollahzadeh J. 2014. New record of Pythium flora of Iran. Proceedings of the 21th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Urmia, Iran: 247.
9
Bala K, Robideau GP, Levesque CA, de Cook AWAM, Abad ZG, Lodhi AM, Shahzad S, Ghaffar A, Coffey MD. 2010. Phytopythium sindhum. Persoonia 24: 136–137.
10
Banihashemi Z. 1969. Study on the die-back of cucurbits in Iran. Proceedings of the 2nd Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Tehran, Iran: 95–96.
11
Banihashemi Z. 1975. Personal communication. Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University. Shiraz, Iran.
12
Barzegar Marvasti F, Banihashemi Z. 2011. Identification and pathogenicity of turfgrass-infecting fungi in Shiraz landscape. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology 47: 361–377.
13
Bolboli, Z. 2014. Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic characteristics of the dominant homothallic isolates of Pythium spp. in cereal fields of Fars province. MSc. Thesis. Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
14
Bolboli Z, Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa R. 2015. Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic characteristics of Pythium spp. isolates in cereal fields of Fars Province. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology 51(4): (In Press).
15
Chenari Bouket, A. 2015. Study of species diversity of the genus Pythium in rhizosphere of plantations of East–Azarbaijan province using morphological and molecular approaches. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
16
Dick MW. 1990. Keysto Pythium. Reading University Press. UK. 64 pp.
17
Ershad D. 1977. Contribution to the knowledge of Pythium species of Iran. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology 13: 26–38.
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Esfandiari E. 1947. Les maladies des plantes cultivées et des arbres fruitiers des regions subtropical du nord de l'Iran. Entomologie et Phytopathologie Appliquees 5: 1–21.
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Fatemi J. 1971. Phytophthora and Pythium root rot of sugar-beet in Iran. Journal of Phytopathology 71: 25–28.
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Fischer A. 1892. Phycomycetes. Rabenhorst's Krypto- gamenflora V. Deutschland. 505 pp.
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Hatami N, Zamanizadeh HR, Aminaii MM. 2010. Introduce of Pythium species from Cucumis sativus in Djiroft greenhouse. Proceedings of the 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Tehran, Iran: 76.
22
Ho HH. 2013. The genus Pythium in mainland China. Mycosystema 32: 20–44.
23
Kaiser WJ, Danesh D, Okhovat, M, Mossahebi G. 1968. Diseases of pulse crops (edible legumes) in Iran. Plant Disease Reporter 52: 687–691.
24
Kashi L, Soleimani MJ, Kargar-Beideh A. 2000. Pythium root rot of sugar beet in Hamedan province. Proceedings of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Isfahan, Iran: 253.
25
Khodashenas Roudsari M, Okhovat SM, Mirabolfathi M, Kafi M. 2010. Pathogenicity of three Pythium species isolates on turfgrasses in Tehran Province. Journal of Plant Protection24: 20–28.
26
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Matthews VD. 1931. Studies on the Genus Pythium. The University of North Carolina Press. Chapel Hill, USA. 136 pp.
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Middleton JT. 1943. The Taxonomy, Host Range and Geographic Distribution of the Genus Pythium. Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club. Lancaster Press. USA. 171 pp.
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Mirabolfathi M, Ershad D. 2002. Turfgrass fungal diseases in Iran. Proceedings of the 15th Iran Plant Protection Congress, Kermanshah, Iran: app. 45-50.
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Moorman GW, May S, Ayers KM. 2014. The Key to Pythium species. Online: http://keys. lucidcentral.org/key-server/player.jsp?keyId=121 (Accessed: 5 November 2015).
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Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa R, Banihashemi Z. 2005. Identification of soil Pythium species in Fars Province of Iran. Iranian Journal of Science & Technology, Transaction29: 79–87.
32
Ravanlou A, Banihashemi Z. 2002. Identification and pathogenicity of Pythium species from wheat root and crown in Fars. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology 38: 57–67.
33
Schröter J. 1897. Saprolegniineae III. Pythiaceae. In: pp. 104–105. Engler HGA and Prantl KAE (eds). Die Natürlichen Pflanzengamilieen. Germany.
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Sparrow FK. 1931. The classification of Pythium. Science 73: 41–42.
35
Taheri H, Ershad D, Hallajisani MF, Gholamian E. 2008. Kiwifruit crown and root fungal pathogens in north of Iran. Proceedings of the 18th Iran Plant Protection Congress, Hamedan, Iran: 155.
36
Uzuhashi S, Tojo M, Kakishima M. 2010. Phylogeny of the genus Pythium and description of new genera. Mycoscience 51: 337–365.
37
van der Plaats-Niterink AJ. 1981. Monograph of the Genus Pythium. Studies in Mycology, No. 21. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures. Netherlands. 242 pp.
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41
Zamani Noor N, Banihashemi Z, Minnasian V, Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa R. 2004. Identification and pathogenicity of Pythium species on sugar beet in Khuzestan province. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology 40: 179–200.
42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
New records of the genus Lepiota for Iran, including two deadly poisonous species
In the framework of the collection and identification of agaric fungi of Iran, three species of the genus Lepiota, viz. Lepiota brunneoincarnata, L. echinella and L. subincarnata are reported as new records for mycobiota of Iran. Two species, L. brunneoincarnata and L. subincarnata are deadly poisonous taxa. Up to now, two species of Amanita, A. phalloides and A. verna, and one from Galerina, G. marginata, have been reported from Iran as deadly poisonous fungi. Lepiota brunneoincarnata and L. Subincarnat, both collected from northern forests of the country, are introduced as fatal dangerous poisonous fungi.
https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_19970_8e629e3536448c9f75fb46fb39f4df4d.pdf
2015-12-01
89
94
10.22043/mi.2015.19970
Agaricaceae
biodiversity
forest fungi
mushroom poisoning
M. R.
Asef
asef_iran@yahoo.com
1
Department of Botany, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Afyon A, Yağiz D. 2004. Macrofungi of Sinop Province. Turkish Journal of Botany 28: 351–360.
1
Arun Kumar TK., Manimohan P. 2009. The genus Lepiota (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) in Kerala State, India. Mycotaxon 107: 105-138.
2
Asef MR, Muradov P. 2012. Lepiotaceous fungi (Agaricaceae) in the Iranian part of Caucasia. Turkish Journal of Botany 36: 289-294.
3
Asef MR. 2009. Poisonous mushrooms of Iran. Iran-shenasi publishing, Tehran, Iran, 214 pp.
4
Ben KM, Zhioua M, Bakir O, Allouche M, Gloulou F, Banasr A, Haouet S, Hedhili A, Hamdoun M. 2009. Four cases of deadly intoxication by Lepiota brunneoincarnata. Annales de biologie Clinique 68: 561-567.
5
Fallahyan F. 1973. L’etude de quelques champignons toxiques et comestible d’Azerbayjan-Iran. Bll. Faculty of Science, Tehran University Press 5: 93-94.Haines JH, Lichstein E, Glickerman D. 1986. A fatal poisoning from an amatoxin containing Lepiota. Mycopathologia 93: 15-17.
6
Hansen L., Knudsen H (eds.) 1992. Nordic Macromycetes (Vol. 2), Polyporales, Boletales, Agaricales, Russulales. Nordsvamp, Copenhagen, Denmark.
7
Herráez GJ, Sánchez FA, Contreras SP. 2002. Fatal Lepiota brunneoincarnata poisoning. Anales de medicina interna 19: 322.
8
Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Spatafora JA. 2008. Dictionary of the fungi. 10th edition. CAB International, Walingford, UK.
9
Knudsen H, Vesterholt, J. 2008. Funga Nordica: Agaricoid, boletoid and cyphelloid genera. Nordswamp, Copenhagen, Denmark.
10
Kosakyan A, Didukh M, Ur Y, Wasser SP, Nevo E. 2008. Lepiota (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota) species diversity in Israel. Mycotaxon 105: 355-377.
11
Kose M, Yilmaz I, Akata I, Kaya E., Guler K. 2015. A Case Study: Rare Lepiota brunneoincarnata poisoning. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 26: 350-354.
12
Mohammadi Goltapeh E. 2002. Identification of five species of Lepiota from Iran. Rostaniha 3: 39-46.
13
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14
Mottram AR, Lazio MP, Bryant SM. 2010. Lepiota subincarnata JE Lange induced fulminant hepatic failure presenting with pancreatitis. Journal of Medical Toxicology 6: 155-157.
15
Niveiro N, Albertó E. 2013. Checklist of the Argentine Agaricales 5. Agaricaceae. Mycotaxon 122: 491-491.
16
Ouabbou A, Saifeddine EK, Touhami AO, Benkirane R, Douira A. 2015. Study of some new Lepioteae for the Morocco’s fungal flora. Int. J. Pure App. Biosci 3: 28-34.
17
Razaq A, Vellinga EC, Ilyas S, Khalid AN. 2013. Lepiota brunneoincarnata and L. subincarnata: distribution and phylogeny. Mycotaxon 126: 133–41.
18
Saber M. 1994. Contribution to the knowledge of Agaricaceae (Agaricales) collected in Iran. Fifth International Mycological Congress Abstracts. August 14–21, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
19
Saber M, Esmaeili Taheri A. 2002. A report on Basidiomycete fungi from Kashan. Proceedings of the 15th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, vol. II, 7-11 Sept., Kermanshah, Iran: 171-172.
20
Saber M, Zangeneh S. 2002. New records of Agaricales from Iran. Proceedings of the 15th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, vol. II, 7-11 Sept., Kermanshah, Iran: 172-173.
21
Sgambelluri RM, Epis S, Sassera D, Luo H, Angelos ER, Walton JD. 2014. Profiling of amatoxins and phallotoxins in the genus Lepiota by liquid chromatography combined with UV absorbance and mass spectrometry. Toxins 6: 2336-47.
22
Varvenne D, Retornaz K, Metge P, De Haro L, Minodier P. 2015. Amatoxin-containing mushroom (Lepiota brunneoincarnata) familial poisoning. Pediatric emergency care 31: 277-278.
23
Vellinga EC. 2001. Lepiota (Pers.: Fr.) S. F. Gray. In: Flora Agaricina Neerlandica 5. (Noordeloos, ME, Kuyper, TW, Vellinga & EC, eds): 109–151. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
24
Vrinda KB, Pradeep CK, Varghese SP, Thomas MV. 2011. Occurrence of two deadly lepiotas in Western Ghats of Kerala. Mushroom Research 20: 125-128.
25
Wojewoda W. 2003. Checklist of Polish larger Basidiomycetes. (In:) Z. Mirek (ed.). Biodiversity of Poland 7. W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków.
26
Yang ZL. 1990. Several noteworthy higher fungi from southern Yunnan, China. Mycotaxon 38: 407–416.
27
Zelený L. 2006. Taxonomic literature on the genus Lepiota s.l. in the Czech Republic. Czech Mycol, 58: 225-265.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
New records of Colletotrichum species for the mycobiota of Iran
Sixteen isolates of Colletotrichum were collected from leaves with anthracnose symptoms or leaf spots of twelve wild, cultivated and ornamental plant species from the Guilan, Mazandaran, and Golestan provinces in Northern Iran. Five different species, including C. aenigma, C. gigasporum, C. godetiae, C. karstii, and C. musae were identified based on the DNA sequence data (TUB2, GS, GAPDH). Four of these species, termed as C. aenigma, C. gigasporum, C. godetiae and C. karstii represent new records for the mycobiota of Iran. Moreover, this study reports many plants as new hosts of Colletotrichum species. Comprehensive morphological descriptions and illustrations are provided for the species.
https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_19967_1020b6a26b27d0b719007f694378be57.pdf
2015-12-01
95
109
10.22043/mi.2015.19967
Glomerellaceae
phylogeny
systematics
taxonomy
plant pathogens
A.
Alizadeh
alizadea@ut.ac.ir
1
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj
AUTHOR
M.
Javan-Nikkhah
jnikkhah@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
R.
Zare
simplicillium@yahoo.com
3
Department of Botany, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Kh. B.
Fotouhifar
fotowhi@ut.ac.ir
4
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
U.
Damm
ulrike.damm@senckenberg.de
5
Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Germany
AUTHOR
E. H.
Stukenbrock
eva.stukenbrock@mpi-marburg.mpg.de
6
Environmental Genomics, Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel
AUTHOR
Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ. 1990. Basic local alignment search tool. Journal of Molecular Biology 215: 403–410.
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53
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A reappraisal of the Pyriculariaceae in Iran
The family Magnaporthaceae considered as a single-family placed in the order Magnaporthales. Currently, three distinct clades are phylogenetically distinguished in this order that one is referred as the Pyriculariaceae. The Pyriculariaceae is characterized as a novel family having new genera, new species, new combinations and neotypification (basionym). To taxonomically evaluate this family, an extensive sampling of several host plants including rice, corn, sorghum, barley and wheat cultivation regions, tea, citrus orchards and forests in the south of Caspian coast from Astara in Guilan Province to Gonbad-e Qabus in Golestan Province, Iran, was conducted for 2 consecutive years One hundred thirty isolates were obtained from the collected samples showing symptoms of the blast and leaf spot. Morphological characteristics such as shape, color, and the size of conidia and conidiophores and colony color were determined. In order to phylogenetically investigate the gained isolates, the ITS region of ribosomal DNA, DNA replication licensing factor (MCM7) and calmodulin (CAL) genes were utilized as a phylogenetic marker. Three major clades were recognized in the phylogenetic tree constructed based on the ITS and MCM7 regions. The first clade belongs to the Pyriculariaceae family containing two subclades. Moreover, the Pyriculariaceae clade has two subclades generated based on the analysis of the CAL gene.
https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_19969_0e55cb0334e10f83fff2d6a1ad385ea8.pdf
2015-12-01
111
118
10.22043/mi.2015.19969
Pyricularia
new family
morphology
phylogeny
A.
Pordel
a_pordel@ut.ac.ir
1
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Javan-Nikkhah
jnikkhah@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
S. A.
Khodaparast
khodaparast@guilan.ac.ir
3
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Besi MI, Tucker SL, Sesma A. 2009. Magnaporthe and its relatives. In: Encyclopedia of life sciences. (Chickchester, UK: John Wiley & Sons). p 1–9.
1
Cannon PF. 1994. The newly recognized family Magnaporthaceae and its interrelationships. Systema Ascomycetum 13:25–42.
2
Couch BC, Kohn LM. 2002. A multilocus gene genealogy concordant with host preference indicates segregation of a new species, Magnaporthe oryzae, from M. grisea. Mycologia 94:683–693.
3
Hirata K, Kusaba M, Chuma I, Osue J, Nakayashiki H, Mayama S, Tosa Y. 2007. Speciation in Pyricularia inferred from multilocus phylogenetic analysis. Mycological Research 111:799–808.
4
Klaubauf S, Tharreau D, Fournier E, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW, de Vries RP, Lebrun MH. 2014. Resolving the polyphyletic nature of Pyricularia (Pyriculariaceae). Study in Mycology 79:85-120.
5
Kimura M. 1980. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 16: 111–120.
6
Landschoot PJ, Jackson N. 1989. Gaeumannomyces incrustans sp. nov., a root-infecting hyphopodiate fungus from grass roots in the United States. Mycological Research 93:55–58.
7
Luo J, Zhang N. 2013. Magnaporthiopsis, a new genus in Magnaporthaceae (Ascomycota). Mycologia 105: 1019–1029.
8
Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S. 2011. MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution 24:1596–1599.
9
Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgin DG. 1997. The Clustal_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequences alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Research 25:4876–4882.
10
Thongkantha S, Jeewon R, Vijaykrishna D, Lumyong S, McKenzie EHC, Hyde KD. 2009. Molecular phylogeny of Magnaporthaceae (Sordariomycetes) with a new species Ophioceras chiangdaoense from Dracaena loureiroi in Thailand. Fungal Diversity 34: 157–173.
11
Yaegashi H. 1977. On the sexuality of blast fungi, Pyricularia spp. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan 43: 432-439.
12
Zhang N, Zhao S, Shen Q. 2011. A six-gene phylogeny reveals the evolution of mode of infection in the rice blast fungus and allied species. Mycologia 103:1267–1276.
13
Zhong S, Steffenson BJ. 2001. Virulence and molecular diversity in Cochliobolus sativus. Phytopathology 91:469–476.
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Fungi associated with apple and pear sooty blotch and flyspeck diseases in Guilan province, Iran
Sooty blotch and flyspeck occur on fruit surfaces and result in economic losses due to less attractive appearance. Sooty blotch fungi form dark mycelial mats whereas flyspeck fungal agents are well characterized with black, sclerotium-like bodies on fruit surface. Whilst more than 60 species have been reported in association with these two fungal diseases, thus far they have not been studied in Iran. In this study specimens showing the symptoms related to sooty blotch and flyspeck were collected from different regions of Guilan province during 2012-14. Morphological characteristics and sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rDNA were generated for the isolates and compared to describe species. In this study Microcyclosporella mali, Zasmidium sp. and Zygophiala jamaicensis were identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Microcyclosporella mali and Zygophiala jamaicensis are described and illustrated for the first time from Iran.
https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_20384_f2ba3e70359a515c45c98ca5844a3c34.pdf
2015-12-01
119
126
10.22043/mi.2015.20384
biodiversity
Microcyclosporella
Zasmidium
Zygophiala
A.
Heidari
alternaria2015@yahoo.com
1
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
S. A.
Khodaparast
khodaparast@guilan.ac.ir
2
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Mousanejad
smousanejad@yahoo.com
3
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Batzer JC, Gleason ML, Harrington TC, Tiffany LH. 2005. Expansion of the sooty blotch and flyspeck complex on apples based on analysis of ribosomal DNA gene sequences and morphology. Mycologia 97: 1268–1286.
1
Ershad D. 2009. Fungi of Iran. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Iran.
2
Felsenstein J. 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39: 783–791.
3
Frank J, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Oertel B, Hyde KD, Phengsintham P, Schroers HJ. 2010. Microcyclospora and Microcyclosporella: novel genera accommodating epiphytic fungi causing sooty blotch on apple. Persoonia-Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 24: 93–105.
4
Gao L, Sun G, Zhang R, Gleason ML. 2014. Secondary spread of Zygophiala wisconsinensis on the surface of apple fruit. European Journal of Plant Pathology 139: 117–124.
5
Gleason ML, Batzer JC, Sun G, Zhang R, Arias MM, Sutton TB, Crous PW, Ivanovic M, McManus PS, Cooley DR, Mayr U. 2011. A new view of sooty blotch and flyspeck. Plant Disease 95: 368–383.
6
Higgins DG, Bleaby AJ, Fuchs R. 1992. CLUSTALV: improved software for multiple sequence alignment. Computer Applications in the Bioscience 8: 189–191.
7
Hirata T, Takamatsu S. 1996. Nucleotide sequence diversity of rDNA internal transcribed spacers extracted from conidia and cleistothecia of several powdery mildew fungi. Mycoscience 37: 265–270
8
Ivanović MM, Ivanović MS, Batzer JC, Tatalović N, Oertel B, Latinović J, Latinović N, Gleason ML. 2010. Fungi in the apple sooty blotch and flyspeck complex from Serbia and Montenegro. Journal of Plant Pathology 92: 65–72.
9
Khodaparast SA, Takamatsu S, Hedjaroude GA. 2001. Phylogenetic structure of the genus Leveillula (Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae) inferred from the sequences of the rDNA ITS regions with special references to the Leveillula taurica species complex. Mycological Research 105: 909–918.
10
Khodaparast SA, Takamatsu S, Harada M, Abbasi M, Samadi S. 2012. Additional rDNA ITS sequences and its phylogenetic consequences for the genus Leveillula with emphasis conidium morphology. Mycological Progress 11: 741–752.
11
Kwon JH, Kim J, Choi O, Gang G, Kwak YS. 2012. Occurrence of sooty blotch and flyspeck disease on sweet persimmon in Korea. Mycobiology 40: 210–213.
12
Li H, Sun GY, Zhai XR, Batzer JC, Mayfield DA, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Gleason ML. 2012. Dissoconiaceae associated with sooty blotch and flyspeck on fruits in China and the United States. Persoonia-Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 28: 113–125.
13
Li H, Sun G, Batzer JC, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Karakaya A, Gleason ML. 2011. Scleroramularia gen. nov. associated with sooty blotch and flyspeck of apple and pawpaw from the Northern Hemisphere. Fungal Diversity 46: 53–66.
14
Li H, Zhang R, Sun G, Batzer JC, Gleason ML. 2010. New species and record of Zygophiala on apple fruit from China. Mycological Progress 9: 245–251.
15
Mirzwa-Mróz E. 2008. Fungi from genera Pseudocercospora and Pseudocercosporella as the causal agents of sooty blotch in Poland. Phytopathologia Polonica 50: 81–84.
16
Sun GY, Zhang R, Li H, Gleason ML. 2008. Diversity of fungi causing flyspeck-like signs on apple in China. Phytopathology 98: S153.
17
Sun GY, Zhang R, Zhang Z, Zhang M. 2003. Isolation of sooty blotch and flyspeck fungi from apple surface by picking up the thalli. Acta Phytopathology Sinica 33: 479–480 [in Chinese].
18
Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S. 2013. MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 2725–2729.
19
Yang HL, Sun GY, Batzer JC, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Gleason ML. 2010. Novel fungal genera and species associated with the sooty blotch and flyspeck complex on apple in China and the USA. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 24: 29–37.
20
Walsh PS, Metzger DA, Higuchi R. 1991. Chelex 100 as a medium for simple extraction of DNA for PCR-based typing from forensic material. Biotechniques 10: 506–513.
21
White TJ, Bruns TD, Lee S, Taylor J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR Protocols: a guide to methods and applications. (MA Innis, DH Gelfand, JJ Sninsky & TJ White, eds): 315–322. Academic Press, USA.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Molecular and morphological characterization of Endoconidioma populi from Kurdistan province, Iran
Black meristematic fungi are cosmopolitan and able to adapt to extreme fluctuations of ultraviolet radiation, temperature, and moisture and grow in exposed habitats such as stone surfaces. In a survey on fungi associated with fruit rots, leaf spots, canker, gummosis, dieback and trunk diseases of grapevine and walnut trees in Kurdistan Province (Iran), some black meristematic fungal isolates resemble to Endoconidioma/Hormonema were found on necrotic twigs. Based on morphology and sequence data (28S rDNA and ITS) the isolates were characterized as Endoconidioma populi as a first record for Iran mycobiota. This is a first report of this species from Juglans regia and Vitis vinifera.
https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_20379_d3ade0d8cc70e1b02e6d1c6f160761b9.pdf
2015-12-01
127
133
10.22043/mi.2015.20379
Coniozyma
Hormonema
Dothideaceae
Grapevine
Walnut
S.
Mirzaei
s.mirzaei@yahoo.com
1
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
J.
Nahvi Moghadam
jnahvi@yahoo.com
2
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
E.
Khaledi
khaledi@yahoo.com
3
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
J.
Abdollahzadeh
j.abdollahzadeh@uok.ac.ir
4
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
J.
Amini
jamini@uok.ac.ir
5
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Abrinbana
abrinbana@gmail.com
6
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdollahzadeh J, Javadi A, Mohmammadi Goltapeh E, Zare R, Phillips AJL. 2010. Phylogeny and morphology of four new species of Lasiodiplodia from Iran. Persoonia 25: 1–10.
1
Chabasse D. 2002. Les phaeohyphomycetes agents de phaeohyphomycoses: Des champignons emergents. Journal de Mycologie Medicale 12: 65–85.
2
de Hoog GS, Zalar P, Urzi C, de Leo F, Yurlova NA, Sterflinger K. 1999. Relationships of dothideaceous black yeasts and meristematic fungi based on 5.8S and ITS2 rDNA sequence comparison. Studies in Mycology 43: 31–37.
3
Hall T. 2006. Bioedit 7.5.0.3. Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, (http://www.mbio.ncsu.edu/BioEdit/Bioedit.html).
4
Hillis DM, Bull JJ. 1993. An empirical test of bootstrapping as a method for assessing confidence in phylogenetic analysis. Systematic Biology 42: 182–192.
5
Horré R, de Hoog GS. 1999. Primary cerebral infections by melanized fungi: a review. Studies in Mycology 43: 194–203.
6
Liesch JM, Meinz MS, Onishi JC, Morris SA, Schwartz RE, Bills GF, Giacobbe RA, Horn WS, Zink DL, Cabello A, Diéz MT, Martín I, Peláez F, Vicente F. 1998. Antifungal agent obtained from Hormonema. U.S. Patent 5756472.
7
Matsumoto T, Matsuda T, McGinnis MR, Ajello L. 1993. Clinical and mycological spectra of Wangiella dermatitidis infections. Mycoses 36: 145–155.
8
McGinnis MR, Lemon SM, Walker DH, de Hoog GS, Haase G. 1999. Fatal cerebritis caused by a new species of Cladophialophora. Studies in Mycology 43: 166–171.
9
Palencarova E, Jesenska Z, Plank L, Traka SS, Baska T, Hajtman A, Pec J. 1995. Phaeohyphomycosis caused by Alternaria species and Phaeosclera dematioides Sigler, Tsuneda and Carmichael. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 20: 419–422.
10
Peláez F, Cabello A, Platas G, Díez MT, Val AG del, Basilio A, Martán I, Vicente F, Bills GF, Giacobbe RA, Schwartz RE, Onishi JC, Meinz MS, Abruzzo GK, Flattery AM, Kong L, Kurtz MB. 2000. The discovery of enfumafungin, a novel antifungal compound produced by an endophytic Hormonema species, biological activity and taxonomy of the producing organisms. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 23: 333–343.
11
Rayner RW. 1970. A mycological colour chart. Kew, Surrey, UK: CMI and British Mycological Society.
12
Schwartz RE, Smith SK, Onishi JC, Meinz M, Kurtz MB, Giacobbe RA, Wilson KE, Liesch J, Zink D, Horn W, Morris S, Cabello A, Vicente F. 2000. The isolation and structure determination of enfumafungin, a triterpene glycoside antifungal agent from the fermenation of a Hormonema sp. Journal of the American Chemical Society 122: 4882–4886.
13
Sigler L, Tsuneda A, Carmichael JW. 1981. Phaeotheca and Phaeosclera, two new genera of dematiaceous Hyphomycetes and a redescription of Sarcinomyces Lindner. Mycotaxon 12: 449–467.
14
Sterflinger K, de Hoog GS, Haase G. 1999. Phylogeny and ecology of meristematic ascomycetes. Studies in Mycology 43: 5–22.
15
Swofford DL. 2003. PAUP*: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and Other Methods). Version 4. Sinnauer Associates, Sunderland, Mass.
16
Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG. 1997. The Clustal X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Research 25: 4876–4882.
17
Tsuneda A, Currah RS. 2006. Toward a deeper understanding of the nature of pleomorphism in conidial fungi. Reports of the Tottori Mycological Institute 44: 1–52.
18
Tsuneda A, Chen M, Currah, RS. 2001. Characteristics of a disease of Sphagnum fuscum by Scleroconidioma sphagnicola. Canadian Journal of Botany 79: 1217–1224.
19
Tsuneda A, Hambleton S, Currah RS. 2004. Morphology and phylogenetic placement of Endoconidioma, a new endoconidial genus from trembling aspen. Mycologia 96: 1128–1135.
20
Tsuneda A, Hambleton S, Currah RS. 2010. Endoconidioma populi from aspen and alder: phylogeny, and variations in cleistopycnidial morphology and their ecological implications. Botany 88: 675–684.
21
Tsuneda A, Davey MJ, Hambleton S, Currah RS. 2008. Endosporium, a new endoconidial genus allied to the Myriangiales. Canadian Journal of Botany 86: 1020–1033.
22
Vilgalys R, Hester M. 1990. Rapid genetic identifcation and mapping of enzymatically amplifed ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172: 4239–4246.
23
White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ (eds), PCR Protocols: a guide to methods and applications: 315–322. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A New Record of Diderma (Myxomycetes) from Turkey
Turkey is a favourite place for the growth and the development of myxomycete due to its climatic conditions and flora. During routine field trips to several locations of Gökçeada (Çanakkale), which is the largest island of Turkey, numerous samples of myxomycetes were collected. According to the available checklists, Diderma effusum (Schw.) Morgan records for the first time from Turkey. It has been isolated by the moist chamber technique. The new record is described by the aid of the literature. Microscopic and macroscopic photographs were taken and a distribution map is provided. This specimen is stored in the Herbarium of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University (CNH), Çanakkale – Turkey.
https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_20359_6f7d29c0db4b87d4e83dc225607ddbd2.pdf
2015-12-01
135
138
10.22043/mi.2015.20359
slime mould
new record
myxobiota
T. B.
Süerdem
tbican@comu.edu.tr
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
LEAD_AUTHOR
E.
Karabacak
krbersin@comu.edu.tr
2
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
AUTHOR
B.
Dülger
basarandulger@yahoo.com
3
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey
AUTHOR
Baba H, Tamer, Ü. 2008. A new myxomycetes genus and three species record for Turkish mycoflora. The Herb Journal of Systematic Botany 15: 81–86.
1
Baba H. 2012. Myxomycetes of Mustafa Kemal University Campus and Environs (Turkey). Turk J Bot.: 769–777.
2
Dulger B. 2007. Checklist of the Myxomycetes in Turkey. Mycologia Balcanica, 4: 151–155.
3
Ergül CC, Dülger B. 2000. Myxomycetes of Turkey. Karstenia 40: 39–41.
4
Farr ML. 1976. Myxomycetes Monograph of Flora Neotropica, No.16. The New York Botanical Garden.
5
Lado C. 2001. Nomenmyx. A Nomenclatural Taxabase of Myxomycetes. Cuad Trab Flora Micol Ibér, 16:1–221.
6
Macbride TH, Martin GW. 1934. The Myxomycetes. The Macmillan Company, New York, 120–139.
7
Martin GW, Alexopoulos CJ. 1969. The Myxomycetes. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City. 356–357.
8
Nannenga-Bremekamp NE. 1991. A Guide to Temperate Myxomycetes. Biopress Limited, Bristol.
9
Oran RB, Ergül CC. 2015. New records of corticolous Myxomycetes from Turkey. Mycotaxon 130: 181–190.
10
Seçmen Ö, Leblebici E. 1978. Gökceada ve Bozcaada Adalarının Vejetasyonu ve Florası. II-Flora. Bitki 5: 271–368.
11
Sesli E, Denchev CM. 2005. Checklists of the Myxomycetes and Macromycetes in Turkey. Mycologia Balcanica 2: 119–160.
12
Sesli E, Denchev CM. 2009. Checklist of the Myxomycetes, Larger Ascomycetes, and Larger Basidiomycetes in Turkey. Mycotaxon 106: 65– 68. Checklists Online [Updated and uploaded in February 2014]. (http://www.mycotaxon.com/reso urces/checklists/sesli-v106-checklist.pdf):1–145 (2014).
13
Sesli E, Akata I, Denchev TT, Denchev CM. 2016. Myxomycetes in Turkey-A Checklist. Mycobiota 6: 1–20.
14
Thind KS. 1997. The Myxomycetes of India. ICAR, New Delhi.
15
Yağız D, Afyon A. 2007. The ecology and chorology of Myxomycetes in Turkey. Mycotaxon 101: 279-282.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
First Report of Colletotrichum fructicola as the causal agent of Anthracnose on Common Bean and Cowpea
https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_19966_748646b3ba9a5ed6cff863af9d847786.pdf
2015-12-01
139
140
10.22043/mi.2015.19966
O.
Atghia
omidatghia@yahoo.com
1
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Alizadeh
alizadeh.al2008@gmail.com
2
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Kh. B.
Fotouhifar
fotowhi@ut.ac.ir
3
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
U.
Damm
u.damm@cbs.knaw.nl
4
Mycology section, Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Germany
AUTHOR
E. H.
Stukenbrock
eva.stukenbrock@mpi-marburg.mpg.de
5
Department of Environmental Genomics, Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel
AUTHOR
M.
Javan-Nikkhah
jnikkhah@ut.ac.ir
6
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Altschul SF, Madden TL, Zhang AAJ, Zhang Z, Miller W, Lipmann DJ. 1997. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Research 25: 3389-3402.
1
Balardin RS, Jarosz AM, and Kelly JD. 1997. Virulence and molecular diversity in Colletotrichum lindemuthianum from South, Central, and North America. Phytopathology 87: 1184 - 1191. Comprehensive Databases on Quarantine Plant Pests and Diseases. (www.q-bank.eu).
2
Damm U, Woudenberg JHC, Cannon PF, Crous PW. 2009. Colletotrichum species with curved conidia from herbaceous hosts. Fungal Diversity 39: 45–87.
3
Glass NL, Donaldson GC. 1995. Development of primer sets designed for use with the PCR to amplify conserved genes from filamentous ascomycetes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61: 1323 –1330.
4
O’Donnell K, Cigelnik E. 1997. Two divergent intrage- nomic rDNA ITS2 types within a monophyletic lineage of the fungus Fusarium are nonorthologous. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 7:103–116.
5
Prihastuti H, Cai L, Chen H, McKenzie EHC, Hyde KD. 2009. Characterization of Colletotrichum species associated with coffee berries in northern Thailand. Fungal Diversity 39: 89–109.
6
Stephenson SA, Green JR, Manners JM, Maclean DJ. 1997. Cloning and characterisation of glutamine synthetase from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and demonstration of elevated expression during pathogenesis on Stylosanthes guianensis. Current Genetics 31: 447–454.
7
Weir B, Johnston PR, Damm U. 2012. The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex. Studies in Mycology 73: 115–180.
8
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
First report of Coprinopsis urticicola from Iran
https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_19978_18740909be8aa63fc16611fd686a1e96.pdf
2015-12-01
141
141
10.22043/mi.2015.19978
M. R.
Asef
asef_iran@yahoo.com
1
Department of Botany, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
V.
Khosravi
khosraviv@yahoo.com
2
Rice Research Institute of Iran, Deputy of Mazandaran, Amol, Iran
AUTHOR
S.
Naeimi
shnaeimi@yahoo.com
3
Department of Biological Control Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Knudsen H, Vesterholt J (eds). 2008. Funga Nordica: Agaricoid, boletoid, and cyphelloid genera. 1st edn. Nordsvamp, Copenhagen, Denmark.
1
Uljé CB. 2005. Coprinus Pers. In: Flora Agaricina Neerlandica 6. (ME Noordeloos, TW Kuyper & E Vellinga, eds.) Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, USA.
2
Uljé CB, Noordeloos ME. 1997. Studies in Coprinus IV. Coprinus section Coprinus. Subdivision and revision of subsection Alachuani. Persoonia 16: 265-333.
3