ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Enhancement of Xylanase Production by Protoplast Fusion of Trichoderma spp.
Filamentous fungi Trichoderma spp. are efficient hyper-producers of industrially important enzymes. Xylanases are essential hemicellulases having vast ranges of applications in the various industrial sectors. In this study, the protoplast fusion of two T. virens and T. harzianum strains resulted in 2.5 Uml-1 xylanase activity in fusant X3 showing 4.7-fold improvement in xylanase activity compared to that of parents with 0.54 Uml-1. Moreover, to evaluate the influence of protoplast fusion on the xylanase activity, the expression patterns of the xylanase gene xyn3 was analyzed in the parental strains and the using qPCR. The results demonstrated that the relative expression of the xyn3 increased in X3 by 4.9 fold compared to that of the parents. Finally, based on the results, it could be concluded that the protoplast fusion technology is a promising approach to generate new superior fungi with high production ability of the industrially important enzymes.
https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_118826_88dd5733c53d57452b7dffc73ed21472.pdf
2018-12-01
53
61
10.22043/mi.2019.118826
fungi
hemicellulases
Enzyme activity
qPCR
Z.
Papzan
zahrapapzan@ut.ac.ir
1
Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Javan-Nikkhah
jnikkhah@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Kowsari
kowsari@abrii.ac.ir
3
Microbial Biotechnology and Biosafety Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Mirzadi Gohari
amirzady@gmail.com
4
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Carmen Limón
carmenlimon@us.es
5
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
AUTHOR
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48
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Molecular identification of Tilletia controversa and T. caries, the causal agent of wheat dwarf and common bunt
Common and dwarf bunt of wheat are recognized as being caused by three closely related species, Tilletia caries and T. laevis as common bunt, and T. controversa as dwarf bunt. The morphological characteristics of two species including T. controversa and T. caries were studied from wheat grown in two provinces of Iran, Lorestan and Chaharmahal–o-Bakhtiari during 2014-2015. In this study, morphological characters could not completely distinguish these pathogens, as in some properties, they showed similarity to T. laevis. So, a collection of twenty wheat bunt isolates was used to compare species in morphological characteristics and phylogenetic relationships. Phylogenetic analyses were presented based on three PCR amplified nuclear DNA fragments including elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1α), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) genes and ITS-rDNA region. Maximum likelihood (ML) method was used to determine the phylogenetic relationship among isolates using MEGA v.6 and BEAUti and BEAST v1.6.1 software. Maximum likelihood bootstrap (BS) values and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) values were applied as criteria for strongly supported clades. Two species including T. controversa and T. caries were distinguished as different species with DNA sequence information.
https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_119652_f5724cbe1f35362e47edc3b07930d072.pdf
2018-12-01
63
70
10.22043/mi.2018.119652
Morphology
multilocus phylogeny
Tilletia
EF1α
RPB2
ITS-rDNA
B.
Sharifnabi
sharifnabib@gmail.com
1
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
F.
Ghaderi
fghaderi2003@yahoo.com
2
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Iran
AUTHOR
F.
Haghighi
fazikathaghighi@yahoo.com
3
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Andrew M, Peever TL, Pryor BM. 2009. An expanded multilocus phylogeny does not resolve morphological species within the small-spored Alternaria species complex. Mycologia 101:95-109.
1
Bao X. 2010. Host specificity and phylogenetic relationships among Tilletia species infecting wheat and other cool season grasses. Washington State University.
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3
Carris LM, Castlebury LA, Huang G, Alderman SC, Luo J, Bao X. 2007. Tilletia vankyi, a new species of reticulate-spored bunt fungus with non-conjugating basidiospores infecting species of Festuca and Lolium. Mycological Research 111:1386-1398.
4
Castlebury LA, Carris LM, Vánky K. 2005. Phylogenetic analysis of Tilletia and allied genera in order Tilletiales (Ustilaginomycetes; Exobasidiomycetidae) based on large subunit nuclear rDNA sequences. Mycologia 97:888-900.
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31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Polyphasic identification of Sepedonium microspermum isolated from two genera of Boletales in Iran
Moldy Boletus sp. and Xerocomus sp. were collected from several locations at the campus of the University of Tabriz, Iran. Fungicolous fungal isolates were recovered and characterized by the combination of morphological traits and phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS and LSU sequence data. Fungal isolates were identified as Sepedonium microspermum. This is the first report of S. microspermum on Xerocomus sp. from Iran which is comprehensively described and illustrated.
https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_119640_f082feba99a336a718b6b907ff9f6d17.pdf
2018-12-01
71
77
10.22043/mi.2018.119640
Morphology
ITS-rDNA
LSU
and Hypomyces
M.
Torbati
m.torbati512@gmail.com
1
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Arzanlou
arzanlou@hotmail.com
2
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Babai-Ahari
ababaiahari@yahoo.com
3
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Arellano-Galindo J, Eugenio VM, Elva JH, Jesus RS, Maria de los Angeles MR, Rodolfo Norberto JJ, Juan XC, Sara AO, Ariadna CC. 2017. A saprophytic fungus (Sepedonium) associated with fatal pneumonia in a patient undergoing stem cell transplantation. International Medical Research 45: 1430–1434.
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39
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43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Notes on Dictyuchus species (Stramenopila, Oomycetes) from Anzali lagoon, Iran
Nine Dictyuchus isolates were obtained from floating and decaying twigs and leaves in Anzali lagoon, Anzali County, Guilan province, Iran. They are interestingly distinguished from current Dictyuchus species by the presence of dictyoid and achlyoid type of zoospore discharge, abundant fusiform and spherical gemma, and the absence of any sexual apparatus. In addition, phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear rDNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene sequences using Maximum likelihood method indicate its novelty. We preferred not to introduce the isolates as new species due to low number of and sometimes unreliable sequences and lack of type species and suggested to verify Dictyuchus sterilis which has been excluded before. We discussed about taxonomy of the genus in details and provided a revised key to the species. In addition, it was shown that sterility in vitro might be common in this genus.
https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_120353_602ebc1de1ff48de0c42a5422e4d087c.pdf
2018-12-01
79
89
10.22043/mi.2018.120353
Biodiversity
freshwater ecosystems
oomycetes
Saprolegniales
sterility
H.
Masigol
hossein.masigol@gmail.com
1
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
S.A.
Khodaparast
khodaparast@guilan.ac.ir
2
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
R.
Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa
rmostofi@shirazu.ac.ir
3
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
S.
Mousanejad
4
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
K.
Rojas-Jimenez
keilor.rojas@gmail.com
5
School of Biology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
AUTHOR
H. P.
Grossart
hgrossart@igb-berlin.de
6
Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
AUTHOR
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60
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Fusarium species associated with medicinal plants of Lamiaceae and Asteraceae
The purpose of this study was to identify the Fusarium species associated with selected medicinal plant species of Lamiaceae and Asteraceae in Kerman, the second-largest province of Iran. The plants showing wilting/rotting symptoms as well as asymptomatic plants were collected from main medicinal plants reservoirs and production areas. Fusarium species were identified based on morphological characteristics as well as subsequent sequencing of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α gene. The following species were identified: F. oxysporum, F. solani and F. nygamai from Achillea wilhelmsii (Asteraceae); F. solani, F. proliferatum and species of F. tricinctum species complex from Teucrium polium (Lamiaceae); F. solani, F. proliferatum and species of F. tricinctum species complex from Ziziphora tenuior (Lamiaceae); F. solani and a species of F. tricinctum species complex from Thymus carmanicus (Lamiaceae); F. redolens, F. brachygibbosum, F. proliferatum, F. tricinctum species complex, F. compactum and F. equiseti from Mentha piperita (Lamiaceae); and F. solani and F. proliferatum from Ziziphora cliniopodiodes (Lamiaceae). For the first time, the pathogenicity of Fusarium nygamai on Achillea wilhelmsii as well as F. redolens and F. brachygibbosum on Mentha piperita were confirmed in this study.
https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_120383_dbc6fb422efeab721220f4028ad3de14.pdf
2018-12-01
91
101
10.22043/mi.2019.120383
root rot
Rhizosphere microorganisms
Morphology
TEF1-ɑ
A.
Habibi
a.habibi@kgut.ac.ir
1
Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
S. M.
Mansouri
m.mansouri.89@gmail.com
2
Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
B.
Sadeghi
batulsadeghy@gmail.com
3
Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
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48
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
First report of Rhytidhysteron hysterinum from Iran
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https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_118828_4c989d27ce8fc264091eb5bea2aba79f.pdf
2018-12-01
103
104
10.22043/mi.2018.118828
----
S. A.
Mousavi
s.a.mousavi200@gmail.com
1
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
S. A.
Khodaparast
khodaparast@guilan.ac.ir
2
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Mousanejad
mousanejad@guilan.ac.ir
3
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Rouhibakhsh
a_rouhibakhsh1966@yahoo.com
4
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Boehm EWA, Mugambi GK, Miller AN, Huhndorf SM, Marincowitz S, Spatafora JW, Schoch CL. 2009. A molecular phylogenetic reappraisal of the Hysteriaceae, Mytilinidiaceae and Gloniaceae (Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetes) with keys to world species. Studies in Mycology 64:49-83.
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Thambugala KM, Hyde KD, Eungwanichayapant PD, Romero AI, Liu ZY. 2016. Additions to the genus Rhytidhysteron in Hysteriaceae. Cryptogamie Mycologie 37: 99-116.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Septoria malagutii as an endophytic fungus of Achillea millefolium from Iran
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https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_120384_a478768c44bceacfd50bb6929c496aca.pdf
2018-12-01
105
107
10.22043/mi.2018.120384
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S.
Hatamzadeh
mhatamzade@yahoo.com
1
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of crop Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
K.
Rahnama
kamranrahnama1995@gmail.com
2
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Crop Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Nasrollanejad
snasrollanejad@yahoo.com
3
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of crop Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
Kh-B.
Fotouhifar
fotowhi@ut.ac.ir
4
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
kh.
Hemmati
kh_hemmati@gau.ac.ir
5
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Crop Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
J.
White
white@rci.rutgers.edu
6
Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
AUTHOR
Cline ET, Rossman AY. 2006. Septoria malagutii sp. nov., cause of angular leaf spot of potato. Mycotaxon. 98:125-135.
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Priest MJ. 2006. Fungi of Australia - Septoria. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia.
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Verkley GJM, Quaedvlieg W, Shin H-D, Crous PW. 2013. A new approach to species delimitation in Septoria. Studies in Mycology 75:213–305.
9
Vilgalys R, Hester M. 1990. Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172: 4239-4246 DOI: 10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246. 1990.
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White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor JW. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. (MA Innis, DH Gelfand, JJ Sninsky & White TJ, eds). 315-322.: Academic Press, New York, USA.
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