ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A new nomenclature for fungi
Important changes brought about by the Melbourne International Code of Nomenclature for Algae,FungiandPlantsare briefly reviewed concerning a clarification of the spelling and typification of sanctioned fungal names, the recognition of electronic publication for the validity of nomenclatural novelties, permission to use English diagnoses or descriptions for their valid publication, and the requirement of registration of such novelties with an identifier number issued by a registration repository. The most drastic change, the abolishment of the former Article 59 permitting a dual nomenclature for pleomorphic fungi, is outlined in more detail. From 2013 onwards the introduction of two names for different morphs of a fungus will render both names invalid. In the choice between names applied to anamorphs and teleomorphs priority would have free play. To avoid countless ensuing name changes, the previous rule-determined system of nomenclature is being replaced by a committee-determined list-based nomenclature. Suggestions for reducing the necessary name changes to a minimum have been proposed.
https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_2959_70c876f237304fb2c93f8b0bf32265da.pdf
2014-06-01
1
5
10.22043/mi.2014.2959
taxonomy
phylogeny
classification
W.
Gams
walter.gams@online.nl
1
Formerly Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht. Present address: Molenweg 15, 3743CK Baarn,
AUTHOR
Braun U. 2012. The impacts of the discontinuation of dual nomenclature of pleomorphic fungi: the trivial facts, problems, and strategies. IMAFungus 3: 81–86.
1
Crous PW, Gams W, Stalpers JA, Robert V, Stegehuis GJ. 2004. MycoBank: an online initiative to launch mycology into the 21st century. Studies in Mycology 50: 19–22.
2
GamsW, BaralH-O, Jaklitsch WM, KirschnerR, Stadler M. 2012a. Clarifications needed concerning the new Article 59 dealing with pleomorphic fungi. IMA Fungus 3: 175–177.
3
Gams W, Humber RA, Jaklitsch WM, Kirschner R, Stadler M. 2012b. Minimizing the chaos following the loss of Article 59: Suggestions for a discussion. Mycotaxon 119: 495–507.
4
Gams W, Jaklitsch WM, Kirschner R, Réblová M. 2011a. Teleotypification of fungal names and its limitations. Taxon 59: 1197–1200.
5
Gams W, Jaklitsch WM, Kirschner R, Réblová M. 2011b. (172–174) Three proposals to amend Article 59 of the Code concerning teleotypi-fication of fungal names. Taxon 59: 1297.
6
Gams W, Jaklitsch WM, and 77 others. 2011. A critical response to the ‘Amsterdam Declaration’. Mycotaxon 116: 501–512.
7
Hawksworth DL. 2011. A new dawn for the naming of fungi: impacts of decisions made in Melbourne in July 2011 on the future publication and regulation of fungal names. MycoKeys 1: 7–20. Also IMA Fungus 2: 155–162.
8
Hawksworth DL. 2012. Managing and coping with names of pleomorphic fungi in a period of transition. IMA Fungus 3: 15–24.
9
Hawksworth DL, Crous PW, Redhead SA, Reynolds DR, Samson RA, Seifert KA, Taylor JW, Wingfield MJ, and 80 others. 2011. The Amsterdam Declaration on Fungal Nomenclature. Mycotaxon 116: 491–500.
10
Jaklitsch WM, Samuels GJ, Dodd SL, Lu B-S, Druzhinina IS. 2006. Hypocrea rufa/Trichoderma viride: a reassessment, and description of five closely related species with and without warted conidia. Studies in Mycology 55: 135–177.
11
Jaklitsch WM, Samuels GJ, Ismaiel A, Voglmayr H. 2013. Disentangling the Trichoderma viridescens complex. Persoonia 31: 112-146.
12
Knapp S, McNeill J, Turland NJ. 2011. Changes to publication requirements made at the XVIII International Botanical Congress in Melbourne – what does e-publication mean for you? Mycotaxon 117: 509–516.
13
McNeill J, Barrie FR. Buck WR, Demoulin V, Greuter W, Hawksworth DL, Herendeen PS, Knapp S, Marhold K, Prado J, Prud’homme van Reine WF, Smith GE, Wiersema JH, Turland NJ. 2012. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011. [Regnum Vegetabile no. 154.] Koeltz, Königstein. Online accessible at http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.
14
Norvell LL. 2011. Melbourne approves a new CODE. Mycotaxon 116: 481–490.
15
Peterson SW. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships in Aspergillus based on rDNA sequence analysis. In: Integration of modern taxonomic methods for Penicillium and Aspergillus classification. (Samson RA, Pitt JI, eds): 323–356. Harwood Academic Publishers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
16
Redhead SA. 2010. Proposals to define the new term ‘teleotype’, to rename Chapter VI, and to modify Article 59 to limit dual nomenclature and to remove conflicting examples and recommendations. Taxon 59: 1927–1929.
17
Seifert KA, Gams W, Korf RP, Pitt JI, Hawksworth DL, Berbee ML, Kirk PM. 2003. Has dual nomenclature for fungi run its course? the Article 59 debate. Mycotaxon 88: 493–508.
18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
New records for anamorphic fungi of Guilan province, Iran
This study was carried out to continue identifying unknown and less known anamorphic fungi from Guilan province. Plant materials with fungal signs and symptoms were collected and examined to identify causal agents. Four species viz. Alternariacalendulae (on Calendulaofficinalis), Pseudocercosporasordida(on Campsis sp.), Thedgonia ligustrina (on Ligustrum vulgare) and Zygosporium oscheoides (on decaying leaves of Bilbergia sp., Monsteradeliciosa, and stem of Asparagus sp.) are reported as new to Iranian mycobiota.
https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_2958_e97eb92197e64d2d71cfaf1ab96ce129.pdf
2014-06-01
7
11
10.22043/mi.2014.2958
mitosporic fungi
Pseudocercospora
Alternaria
Zygosporium
V.
Taheriyan
vahid.thrn@gmail.com
1
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
S. A.
Khodaparast
khodaparast@guilan.ac.ir
2
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
S. A.
Hashemi
hashemiabdollah@gmail.com
3
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Anonymous. 2008. Meteorological Year Book 2007. Ministry of Road and Transportation, I. R. of Iran, Meteorological Organization (IRIMO), Tehran, Iran.
1
Chupp C. 1954. A monograph of the fungus genus Cercospora. Published by the author, Ithaca, New York.
2
Crous PW, Gams W, Stalpers JA, Robert V and Stegehuis G. 2004. MycoBank: an online initiative to launch mycology into the 21st century. Studies in Mycology 50: 19–22.
3
Crous PW & Braun U. 2003. Mycosphaerella and its anamorphs: 1. Names published in Cercospora and Passalora. Centraal bureauvoor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
4
Deighton FC. 1976. Studies on Cercospora and allied genera. VI. Pseudocercospora Speg., Pantospora Cif., and Cercoseptoria Petr. Mycol. Pap. ????? 140: 153.
5
Ellis MB. 1971. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute. Kew, UK.
6
Ellis, MB. 1976. More dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute. Kew, UK.
7
Gharizadeh Kh, Khodaparast SA, Abbasi M. & Elahinia S.A. 2004a. A study on the identification of wood-inhabiting Hyphomycetes in Guilan province (II). Rostaniha 5: 123-145.
8
Gharizadeh, Kh, Khodaparast SA, Elahinia SA & Abbasi M. 2004b. A study on the identification of wood-inhabiting Hyphomycetes in Guilan province, Iran (I). Rostaniha 5: 19-24.
9
Hashemi Babaheydari SA & Khodaparast SA. 2006. Foveostroma drupacearum, a new species for Iranian mycoflora from dead cherry twigs. Rostaniha 7: 163-164.
10
Hashemi Babaheydari SA, Khodaparast SA & Banihashemi SZ. 2007. Identification of Monilinia species, the causal agent of pome and stone fruits brown rot in Guilan province. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology 43: 312-324.
11
Khodaparast SA, Zahedi M, Amirmijani A, Salimi M. 2012. New reports on mitosporic fungi from the Caspian Sea area (N Iran). Rostaniha 13: 31-37.
12
Khodaparast SA. 2006. A survey on citrus sooty mold fungi in Guilan province, Iran. Rostaniha 7: 59-65.
13
Khodaparast SA & Braun U. 2005. Ramularia uredinicola: a new species from Iran. Mycotaxon 91: 357-359.
14
Khodaparast SA, Salimi M, Ahmadi SB & Mehri Z. 2008. Eight new or less known mitosporic fungi for Iran mycoflora from Guilan Province. Rostaniha 9: 89-99.
15
Simmons E G. 2007. Alternaria: an identification manual. CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
16
Whitton SR, McKenzie EHC & Hyde KD. 2003. Microfungi on Pandanaceae: Zygosporium, a review of the genus and two new species. Fungal Diversity 12: 207-222.
17
Zahedi M, Elahinia SA, Khodaparast SA & Boujari J. 2011. Introduction of some new mitosporic fungi causing leaf spot on broad leaf trees in Guilan province, Iran. Rostaniha 12: 63-71.
18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The genus Helvella in Iran
This study is a review on the genus Helvella (Pezizales, Helvellaceae) in Iran. Study on samples deposited in Iran fungal herbarium along with the fresh materials collected by the author revealed that seven species of Helvella, H. acetabulum, H. atra, H. crispa, H. elastica, H. ephippium, H. lacunosa and H. leucopus (as H. monachella) have already been reported from Iran. Three other species viz, H. costifera, H. latispora and H. leucomelaena are reported newly for Iran. Reidentification of specimen named as H. cf. pezizoides showed it is belong to H. ephippium. Short description and photographs of the new records along with distribution map and fruiting frequency of Iranian species are provided. Analyzes of collection time of about 70 specimens showed that all of the species reported from Iran, have been collected from North and North-West of country and most of the ascocarps are found in autumn, last summer and fall (October). An identification key to the Helvella species collected in Iran is presented.
https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_3186_5d3468013bf8fd4b152bf4383000ffbc.pdf
2014-06-01
13
18
10.22043/mi.2014.3186
Ascomycetes
Helvellaceae
Leptopodia
M. R.
Asef
asef_iran@yahoo.com
1
Department of Botany, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abbott SP, Currah RS. 1997. The Helvellaceae: systematic revision and occurrence in northern and northwestern North America. Mycotaxon 62: 1–125.
1
Asef MR, Ozzar A, Siami A. 2010. Helvella acetabulum, a new record from Iran. Rostaniha 11: 199-200.
2
Calonge FD, Arroyo I. 1990. Notes on the genus Helvella in Spain. Mycotaxon 39: 203–217
3
Daneshpazhouh B. 1991. New records of Helotiales and Pezizales (Discomycetes) for Iran. Proceeding of the 10th Iranian Plant Protection congress. Kerman. Iran.
4
Dissing H. 1966. The genus Helvella in Europe with special emphasis on the species found in Norden. Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 25: 1–172.
5
Häffner J. 1987. Die Gattung Helvella: Morphologie und Taxonomie. Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für Mykologie 7: 1–165.
6
Han S-K, Oh S-H, Kim H-J. 2010. Eight unrecorded higher fungi identified at the Korea National Arboretum. Mycobiology 38: 81–88.
7
Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Spatafora JA. 2008. Dictionary of the fungi. 10th edition. CAB International, Walingford, UK.
8
Landeros F, Iturriaga T, Guzmán-Dávalos L. 2012. Type studies in Helvella (Pezizales) 1. Mycotaxon 119: 35-63.
9
Saber M, Mehravaran H. 2004. A report on macromycetes fungi from Orumieh (West Azarbaijan). Proceeding of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection congress. Tabriz. Iran.
10
Saber M, Zangeneh S. 2004. New records of macromycetes from Iran. Proceeding of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection congress. Tabriz. Iran.
11
Zhuang WY. 2004. Preliminary survey of the Helvellaceae from Xinjiang, China. Mycotaxon 90: 35–42.
12
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Genetic diversity of Fusarium semitectum isolates from rice, using RAPD and REP-PCR markers
In order to determine genetic variability among 33 isolates of Fusarium semitectum, morpho- logical and molecular studies were carried out. Isolates from different paddy fields in the north of Iran were separated from each other in four morphotype groups. The isolates showed a high level of variation in aerial mycelium, color of colony, number of septa and growth rate on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Comparison between morphological and molecular methods revealed that in some cases, the groupings of isolates based on morphological method was consistent with molecular groupings with a few exceptions. The results indicate that RAPD-PCR and REP-PCR could be used for monitoring intraspecific genetic variability within F. semitectum.
https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_3187_17ba651fa6025bbcf6b22b55ce1c6410.pdf
2014-06-01
19
26
10.22043/mi.2014.3187
morphology
DNA Fingerprinting
variation
Polymorphism
M.
Ebadi
ebadi2023@yahoo.com
1
Faculty of Bioscience, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
H.
Riahi
h-riahi@cc.sbu.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Bioscience, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
R.
Zare
simplicillium@yahoo.com
3
Department of Botany, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abd-Elsalam KA, Schnieder F, Asran-Amal A, Khalil MS, Verreet JA. 2003. Intra-species genomic groups in Fusarium semitectum and their correlation with origin and cultural characteristics. Journal of Plant Disease Protection 110: 409–418.
1
Assigbetse KB, Fernandez D, Dubois MP, Geiger J. 1994. Differentiation of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum races on cotton by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Phytopathology 84: 622–626.
2
Booth C. 1971. The Genus Fusarium. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, England.
3
Brown JKM. 1996. The choice of molecular marker methods for population genetic studies of plant pathogens. New Phytologist 133:183–195.
4
Burgess LW, Nelson PE, Toussoun TA. 1989. Stability of morphological characters of Fusarium nygamai. Mycologia81: 480–482.
5
Burgess LW, Summerell BA, Bullock S, Gott KP, Backhouse D. 1994. Laboratory Manual for Fusarium research. University of Sydney: pp 116–117.
6
Chen-Shang W, Huiqin M, Hui W, Chen SW, Hq M, Wang H.1999.Simultaneous identification of melon postharvest decay pathogens by the random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis with polymerase chain reaction. Progress in Plant Protection and Plant Nutrition 57: 109–114.
7
Edel V, Steinberg C, Avelange I, Laguerre G, Alabouvette C. 1995. Comparison of three molecular methods for the characterization of Fusarium oxysporum strains. Phytopathology 85: 579–585.
8
FAO STAT 2010. Statistical database. Available: http://faostat.fao.org
9
Feng JIE, Wen S, Leiyan S, Cun MA, Feng J, Sun WJ, Shi CLY. 2000. RAPD analysis of physiologic races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum in China. Mycosystema 19: 45–50.
10
Fisher NL, Burgess LW, Toussoun TA, Nelson PE. 1982. Carnation leaves as a substrate and for preserving culture of Fusarium species. Phytopathology 72: 151–153.
11
Geiser DM, Jimenez-Gasco M, Kang S, Makalowska, Veeraraghavan N, Ward TJ, Zhang N, Kuldau GA, O'Donnell K. 2004. Fusarium-ID v.1.0: A DNA sequence database for identifying Fusarium. European Journal of Plant Pathology 110: 473-479.
12
Gerlach W, Nirenberg HI. 1982. The genus Fusarium – A Pictorial Atlas Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst Land-forstwirtsch 209: 1–406.
13
Hammer Ø, Harper DAT, Ryan PD. 2001. PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica 4(1): 9 pp. http://palaeo-electronica.org/ 2001_1/past/issue1_01.htm.
14
Hawa MM, Salleh B, Latiffah Z. 2010. Characterization and intraspecific variation of Fusarium sem-itectum (Berkeley and Ravenel) associated with red-fleshed dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus [Weber] Britton and Rose) in Malaysia. African Journal Biotechnology 9: 273–284.
15
Ingle A, Rai M. 2011. Genetic diversity among Indian phytopathogenic isolates of Fusarium semitectum Berkeley and Ravenel. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2: 142–148.
16
Leslie JF, Anderson LL, Bowden RL, Lee Y-W. 2007. Inter- and intra-specific genetic variation in Fusarium. International Journal Food Microbiology 119: 25–32.
17
Leslie JF, Summerell BA. 2006. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, UK.
18
Mayek-Perez N, Lopez-Castaneda Z, Gonzalez-Chavira M, Garcia-Espinosa R, Acosta-Gallegos J, Martinez-Dela-Vega O, Simpson J. 2001. Variability of Mexican isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina based on pathogenesis and AFLP genotype. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 59: 257–264
19
Miller S A.1996. Detecting propagules of plant pathogenic fungi. Advances in Botanical Research 23:73–102.
20
Mishra PK, Fox RTV, Culham A. 2002. Restriction analysis of PCR amplified nrDNA regions revealed intraspecific variation within populations of Fusarium culmorum. FEMS Microbiology Letters 215: 291–296.
21
Molnar A, Sulyok L, Hornok L. 1990. Parasexual recombination between vegetatively incompatible strains in Fusarium oxysporum. Mycological Research 94: 393–398.
22
Nash SN, Synder WC. 1962. Quantitative estimations by plate counts of propagules of the bean rot Fusarium in field soils. Phytopathology 52: 567–572.
23
Nei M, Li WH. 1979. Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Scieince of the USA 76: 5269–5273.
24
Nelson PE, Toussoun TA, Marasas WFO. 1983. Fusarium Species: An Illustrated Manual for Identification. The Pennsylvania State University Press.
25
Onyike NBN, Nelson PE. Marasas WFO. 1991. Fusarium species associated with millet grain from Nigeria, Lesotho, and Zimbabwe. Mycologia 83: 708–712.
26
Smith SN, Devay JE, Hsui HW, Jen LH, Hsieh WH, Lee HJ. 2001. Soil-borne populations of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, a cotton wilt fungus in California fields. Mycologia 93: 737–743.
27
Versalovic J, Koeuth T, Lupski JR. 1991. Distribution of repetitive DNA sequences in eubacteria and application to fingerprinting of bacterial genomes. Nucleic Acids Research 19: 6823–6831.
28
Williams JGK, Kubelik AR, Livak KJ, Rafalski JA, Tingey SV. 1990 DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Research 18: 6531–6535.
29
Wilson LA, Sharp PM. 2006. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) sequences in Escherichia coli: evolution and implications for ERIC-PCR. Molecular Biology and Evolotion 23: 1156–1168.
30
Wollenweber HW, Reinking OA. 1935. Die Fusarien, ihre Beschreibung, Schadwirkung und Bekampfung. Paul Parey, Berlin.
31
Yeh FC, Yang RC, Boyle TJ, Ye ZH, Mao JX. 1999. Popgene ver. 1.32, the user-friendly shareware for population genetic analysis. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
32
Zhu H, Qu F, Zhu LH. 1993: Isolation of genomic DNAs from plants, fungi and bacteria using benzyl chloride. Nucleic Acids Research 2:5279–5280.
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A preliminary study on the genus Fusicladium s. l. in Iran
During 2011, twigs, leaves and fruits of symptomatic hosts containing Fusicladium species from Guilan, Mazandaran, Qazvin and Ardabil provinces were sampled and examined. Five species including F. carpophilum, F. fraxini, F. oleagineum, F. pomi and F. pyrorum were identified based on morphological data. Of these, F. carpophilum and F. fraxini are identified as new records for the mycobiota of Iran. Fraxinus sp., Prunus persica var. nectarina, Pyracantha sp., red apple cultivar of Malus pumila and Khoj (local variety of Pyrus communis in Guilan province) are identified as new hosts for the
genus Fusicladium in Iran. Cultures of F. fraxini, F. pomi and F. pyrorum are deposited at fungal culture collection of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection. A brief description and illustration and a key to Fusicladium species reported from Iran are provided.
https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_4198_f47d624f85f9f80660899387b236c109.pdf
2014-06-01
27
33
10.22043/mi.2014.4198
Fusicladium carpophilum
Fusicladium fraxini
scab
Spilocaea
Venturia
S. A.
Hashemi
hashemiabdollah@yahoo.com
1
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
S. A.
Khodaparast
khodaparast@guilan.ac.ir
2
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
S. A.
Elahinia
a_elahinia@yahoo.com
3
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
R.
Zare
simplicillium@yahoo.com
4
Department of Botany, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Mousakhah
m.mousakhah@gmail.com
5
Clinic of Plant Protection, Astaneh Ashrafieh, Guilan, Iran
AUTHOR
Askari Sh, Ghaderi F. 2010. Study of black spot of apple in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad Province. 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 31 Jul.–3 Aug. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Iran. P. 291.
1
Beck A, Ritschel A, Schubert K, Braun U, Triebel D. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships of the anamorphic genus Fusicladium s.l. as inferred by ITS nrDNA data. Mycological Progress: 111–116.
2
Braun U,Crous PW, Dugan F, Groenewald JZ, de Hoog GS. 2003. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Cladosporium-like hyphomycetes, including Davidiella gen. nov., the teleomorph of Cladosporium s.s. Mycological Progress: 3–18.
3
Braun U, Crous PW, Schubert K. 2008. Taxonomic revision of the genus Cladosporium s.l. 8. Reintroduction of Graphiopsis (= Dichocladosporium) with further reassessments of cladosporioid hyphomycetes. Mycotaxon 103: 207–216.
4
Braun U, Ritschel A, Schubert K. 2002. Proposal to conserve the generic name Fusicladium against Spilocaea (Hyphomycetes). Taxon 51: 557.
5
Braun U. 2005. Proposal to conserve Fusicladium against Cycloconium (Hyphomycetes). Taxon 54: 538.
6
Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Diederich P. 2010a. Fusicladium peltigericola Crous & Diederich, sp. nov. Persoonia 25: 128–129.
7
Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Shivas RG. 2010b. Fusicladium eucalypti Crous & R.G. Shivas, sp. nov. Persoonia 25: 148–149.
8
Crous PW, Schubert K, Braun U, de Hoog GS, Hocking AD, Shin HD, Groenewald JZ. 2007. Opportunistic, human-pathogenic species in the Herpotrichiellaceae are phenotypically similar to saprobic or phytopathogenic species in the Venturiaceae. Studies in Mycology 58: 185–217.
9
David, JC. 1997: A contribution to the systematics of Cladosporium. Revision of the fungi previously referred to Heterosporium. Mycological Papers 172: 1–157.
10
Ershad D. 2009. Fungi of iran. 3rd edn. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran.
11
Esfandiari E. 1948a. Les charbons des céréales en Iran. Entomologie et Phytopathologie Appliquées 6-7: 48–68.
12
Hedjaroude GhA, Abbasi M. 2000. Study of micromycetes flora in Karaj region, Iran (1). Rostaniha 1:103–130.
13
Juhásová G, Ivanová H, AdamÈíková K, Kobza M, Èerevková A. 2004. Scab disease of firethorn at selected localities in Slovakia. Plant Protection Science 40: 42–48.
14
Khabiri E. 1952. Contribution à la mycoflore de ì Iran. Première liste. Revue de mycologie 17: 154–157.
15
Mahdian SA. 2006. Survey of olive leaf spot and evaluation of some olive cultivar resistance to Spilocaea oleaginea. 17th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2-5 Sep. Karaj, Iran.
16
Mozaffarian V. 1998. A Dictionary of Iranian plant names. 2nd edn. Farhang Mo¢aser Publishers, Iran.
17
Raabe RD, Gardner MW. 1972. Scab of Pyracantha, Loquat, Toyon, and Kageneckia. Phytopathology 62: 914–916.
18
Sánchez-Torres P, Hinarejos R, Tuset JJ. 2009. Characterization and pathogenicity of Fusicladium eriobotryae, the fungal pathogen responsible for loquat scab. Plant Disease 93:1151–1157.
19
Sanei SJ, Razavi SE. 2011. Survey of Spilocaea oleagina, causal agent of olive leaf spot, in the north of Iran. Journal of Yeast and Fungal Research 2: 33–38.
20
Schubert K, Braun U. 2005a. Taxonomic revision of the genus Cladosporium s.l. 4. Species reallocated to Asperisporium, Dischloridium, Fusicladium, Passalora, Pseudoasperisporium and Stenella. Fungal Diversity 20: 187–208.
21
Schubert K, Braun U. 2005b. Taxonomic revision of the genus Cladosporium s.l. 1. Species reallocated to Fusicladium, Parastenella, Passalora, Pseudocercospora and Stenella. Mycological Progress 4: 101–109.
22
Schubert K, Braun U. 2007. Taxonomic revision of the genus Cladosporium s.l. 6. New species, reallocations to and synonyms of Cercospora, Fusicladium, Passalora, Septonema and Stenella. Nova Hedwigia 84: 189–208.
23
Schubert K, Ritschel A, Braun U. 2003. A monograph of Fusicladium s.l. (Hyphomycetes). Schlechtendalia 9: 1–132.
24
Schubert K. 2005. Taxonomic revision of the genus Cladosporium s.l. 3. A revision of Cladosporium species described by JJ Davis and HC Greene (WIS). Mycotaxon 92: 55–76.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Expression analyses of endoglucanase gene in Penicillium oxalicum and Trichoderma viride
The expression of endoglucanase gene and protein profile belonging to two fungal species, Penicillium oxalicum 1SMS and Trichoderma viride 156MS with high cellulase enzyme activity, was investigated. Fungal isolates were cultured on inducer CMC medium and then the amount of released sugar and protein were assayed every three days for a month, using arsenate molybdatereagent and Bradford method, respectively. Detection of endoglucanase gene was performed by using specific primers. Expressed cDNA fragments in two isolates revealed a size of 1380 bp to 1434 bp length. The cDNAs were sequenced and queried in BLASTN and TBLASTX search against eg1 genes from other fungi. These sequences showed 98% homology to eg1 gene deposited in databases. SDS-PAGE pattern of protein separation revealed one protein band for each isolate having a molecular weight of 49.786 and 48.339 kDa with 487 and 460 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis revealed glycosyl hydrolase domains, a cellulase banding domain and 6 PROSITEs for both proteins. One ORF in each gene region was determined for each species. The results indicated that carboxy methyl cellulose is able to induce expression of eg1, following endogluconase enzyme production.
https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_4179_1526ee4e39b86aab69120b4d2044b266.pdf
2014-06-01
35
42
10.22043/mi.2014.4179
β-1
4-endoglucanase
eg1 gene
sequence homology
bioinformatics analysis
Prosite
S.
Leylaie
leylaisahar@gmail.com
1
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
AUTHOR
S. K.
Sabbagh
sksabbagh@yazd.ac.ir
2
Department of Plant Protection, and Institute of Plant Biotechnology (Biocenter), University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
M. A.
Tajik Ghanbari
m.tajick@gmail.com
3
Department of Plant Protection, Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
AUTHOR
Arai T, Araki R, Tanaka A, Karita S, Kimura T, Sakka K, Ohmiya K. 2003. Characterization of a cellulase containing a family 30 carbohydrate - binding module (CBM) derived from Clostridium thermocellum CelJ: importance of the CBM to cellulose hydrolysis. Journal of Bacteriology 185: 504-512.
1
Bhat M. 2000. Cellulases and related enzymes in biotechnology. Biotechnology Advances 18: 355-383.
2
Bradford MM. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for quantification of microgram quantities of protein of utilizing the principle dye binding analaysis. Biochemistry 72: 248-252.
3
Chikamatsu G, Shirai K, Kato M, Kobayashi T, Tsukagoshi N. 1999. Structure and expression properties of the endo-β-1, 4-glucanase A gene from the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. FEMS Microbiology Letters 175: 239-245.
4
Chojoghi F, Motallebi M, Zamany MR. 2005. The study of cellobiohydrolase production from Trichoderma reesei. Iranian Jornal of Biology 84: 15-23.
5
Coughlan MP. 1990. Cellulose degradation by fungi. In: Microbial enzyme and biotechnology. (WM Fogarty, CT Kelly, eds): 1-368. Elsevire Science, London, UK.
6
Gao J, Weng H, Zhu D, Yuan M, Guan F. 2008. Production and characterization of cellulolytic enzymes from the thermoacidophilic fungal Aspergillus terreus M11 under solid state cultivation of corn stover. Bioresours Technology 99: 7623-7629.
7
Ghangas GS, Wilson DB 1988. Cloning of the Thermomonospora fusca endoglucanase E2 gene in Streptomyces lividans: affinity purification and functional domains of the cloned gene product. Applied Environmental Microbiology 54: 2521-2526.
8
Gilkes NR, Kilburn DG, Miller RCJr, Warren RA. 1989. Structural and functional analysis of a bacterial cellulase by proteolysis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 264:17802-17808.
9
Ilm`en M, Saloheimo A, Onnela M, Penttila M. 1997. Regulation of cellulase gene expression in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei. Applied Environmental Microbiology 63:1298-1306.
10
Jahangeer S, Khan N, Jahangeer S, Sohail M, Shahzad S, Ahmad A, Ahmed Khan S. 2005. Screening and characterization of fungal cellulases isolated from the native environmental source. Pakistan Journal of Botany 37: 739-748
11
Jorgensen H, Olsson L. 2006. Production of cellulases by Penicillium brasilianum IBT 20888: effect of substrate on hydrolytic performance. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 38: 381-390.
12
Knowles J, Lehtovaara P, Teeri T. 1987. Cellulase families and their genes. Trends in Biotechnology 5: 255-261.
13
Kossem A, Nannipieri P. 1995. Soil cellulose activity methods. In: Applied soil microbiology and biochemmistry. (A Kossem, P Nannipieri, eds): 345-350. Academic Prees, San Diego, USA.
14
Leylai S, Sabbagh SK, Tajick-Ghanbari MA, Salari M. 2011a. CMC-ase activity of some soil fungi. Annals of Biological Research 2: 453-460.
15
Leylai S, Sabbagh SK, Tajick-Ghanbary MA, Lotfi A, Salari M. 2011b. Protein and sugar assay, characterization and expression of endoglucanase gene in Trichoderma longibrachiatum 36MS and Aspergillus terreus 31MS. World Applied Sciences Journal 15: 904-908.
16
Li Y, Ding M, Zhao F. 2009. Purification, characterization and molecular cloning of a novel endo-β-1,4-glucanase AC-EG65 from the mollusc Ampullaria crossean. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 153: 149-156.
17
Macris BJ. 1983. Production and characterization of cellulose and ß–glucosidase from a mutant of Alternaria alternate. Applied Environmental Microbiology 47: 560-565.
18
Mo, K., Hayashida S. 1988. Conversion of Geotrichum candidum endocellulase I to endocellulase II by limited proteolysis. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 52: 1683-1688.
19
Morikawa Y, Ohashi T, Mantani O, Okada H. 1995. Cellulase induction by lactose in Trichoderma reesei PC-3-7. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 44:106-111.
20
Morrissey JH. 1981. Silver stain for proteins in polyacrylamide gels: a modified procedure with enhanced uniform sensitivity. Analytical Biochemistry 117: 307.
21
Sazci A, Radford A, Erenle K. 1986. Detection of cellulolytic fungi by using Congo red as an indicator: a comparative study with the dinitrosalicyclic acid reagent method. Applied Bacteriology 61: 559-562.
22
Stals I, Sandra K, Geysens S, Contreras R, van Beeumen J, Claeyssens M. 2004. Factors influencing glycosylation of Trichoderma reesei cellulases. I: Postsecretorial changes of the O- and N-glycosylation pattern of Cel7A. Glycobiology 14: 713-724.
23
Suurnakki A, Tenkanen M, Siika-aho M-L, Niku-Paavola A, Viikari L., Puchert J. 2000. Trichoderma reesei cellulases and their core domains in the hydrolysis and modification of chemical pulp. Cellulose 7: 189 - 209.
24
Tomme P, van Tilbeurgh H, Pettersson G, van Damme J, Vandekerckhove J, Knowles J, Teeri T, Claeyssens M. 1988. Studies of the cellulolytic system of Trichoderma reesei QM 9414. Analysis of domain function in two cellobiohydrolases by limited proteolysis. European Journal of Biochemistry 170: 575-581
25
Wei YD, Lee SJ, Lee KS, Gui ZZ, Yoon HJ, Kim I, Je YH, Guo X, Sohn HD, Jin BR. 2005. N-glycosylation is necessary for enzymatic activity of a beetle (Apriona germari) cellulase. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 329: 331-336.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
New records from Botryosphaeriaceae (Ascomycota) for mycobiota of Iran
A large collection of Botryosphaeriaceae isolates obtained from fruit and forest trees with fruit rot, canker and dieback disease symptoms in northern provinces of the country were examined in this study. Based on morphology and sequence data (ITS and EF1-α), two species, Diplodia mutila and Spencermartinsia viticola are illustrated and described as new records for Iran mycobiota. Furthermore, D. sapinea morphotype A is determined here for the first time from Iran.
https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article_4180_caaf13acb66adcf432620653ec96bd53.pdf
2014-06-01
43
51
10.22043/mi.2014.4180
Diplodia
Spencermartinsia
taxonomy
phylogeny
J.
Abdollahzadeh
j.abdollahzadeh@uok.ac.ir
1
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, P. O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
F.
Hosseini
fariba.hosseini2@gmail.com
2
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, P. O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Javadi
arjavadi1@yahoo.com
3
Department of Botany, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdollahzadeh J, Javadi A, Zare R, Phillips AJL. In press. A phylogenetic study of Dothiorella and Spencermartinsia species associated with woody plants in Iran, New Zealand, Portugal and Spain. Persoonia.
1
Abdollahzadeh J, Javadi A, Mohammadi Goltapeh E, Zare R, Phillips AJL. 2010. Phylogeny and morphology of four new species of Lasiodiplodia from Iran. Persoonia 25: 1–10.
2
Abdollahzadeh J, Javadi A, Zare R, Mohammadi Goltapeh E. 2007. Botryosphaeria/Botryosphae-
3
ria-like anamorphs associated with woody plants in Iran. Proceedings of the Asian Mycology Congress and International Marine and Freshwater Mycology Symposium Malaysia: 136.
4
Abdollahzadeh J, Mohammadi Goltapeh E, Javadi A, Shams-Bakhsh M, Zare R, Phillips AJL. 2009. Barriopsis iraniana and Phaeobotryon cupressi: two new species of the Botryosphaeriaceae from trees in Iran. Persoonia 23: 1–8.
5
Abdollahzadeh J, Zare R, Phillips AJL. 2013. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Botryosphaeria and Neofusicoccum species in Iran, with description of Botryosphaeria scharifii sp. nov. Mycologia 105: 210–220.
6
Alves A, Correia A, Luque J, Phillips AJL. 2004. Botryosphaeria corticola sp. nov. on Quercus species, with notes and description of Botryosphaeria stevensii and its anamorph, Diplodia mutila. Mycologia 96: 598–613.
7
Alves A, Crous Pw, Correia A, Phillips AJL. 2008. Morphological and molecular data reveal cryptic species in Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Fungal Diversity 28: 1–13.
8
Alves A, Phillips AJL, Henriques I, Correia A. 2007. Rapid differentiation of species of Botryosphaeriaceae by PCR fingerprinting. Research in Microbiology 158: 112–121.
9
Barr ME. 1987. Prodromus to class Loculoascomycetes. Amherst, Massachusetts: Published by the Author.
10
Crous PW, Slippers B, Wingfield MJ, Rheeder J, Marasas WFO, Phillips AJL, Alves A, Burgess T, Barber P, Groenewald JZ. 2006. Phylogenetic lineages in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Studies in Mycology 55: 235–253.
11
Denman S, Crous PW, Taylor JE, Kang JC, Pascoe I, Wingfield MJ. 2000. An overview of the taxonomic history of Botryosphaeria and a re-evaluation of its anamorphs based on morphology and ITS rDNA phylogeny. Studies in Mycology 45: 129–140.
12
De Wet J, Wingfield MJ, Coutinho TA, Wingfield BD. 2000. Characterization of Sphaeropsis sapinea isolates from South Africa, Mexico and Indonesia. Plant Disease 84: 151–156.
13
Ershad D. 2009. Fungi of Iran. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran.
14
Farr DF, Rossman AY. 2013. Fungal Databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrieved Octobr, 2013,
15
Farris JS, Kallersjo M, Kluge AG, Bult C. 1995. Testing significance of incongruence. Cladistics 10: 315–319.
16
Hillis DM, Bull JJ. 1993. An empirical test of bootstrapping as a method for assessing confidence in phylogenetic analysis. Systematic Biology 42: 182–192.
17
Huelsenbeck JP, Bull JJ, Cunningham CV. 1996. Combining data in phylogenetic analysis. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 11: 152–158.
18
Kimura M. 1980. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitution through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 16: 111–120.
19
Lazzizera C, Frisullo S, Alves A, Phillips AJL. 2008. Morphology, phylogeny and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeria and Neofusicoccum species associated with drupe rot of olives in Southern Italy. Plant Pathology 57: 948–956.
20
Liu J-K, Phookamsak R, Doilom M, Wikee S, Li Y-M, Ariyawansha H, Boonmee S, Chomnunti P, Dai D-Q, Bhat JD, Romero AI, Zhuang W-Y, Monkai J, Gareth Jones EB, Chukeatirote E, Ko Ko TW, Zhao Y-C, Wang Y, Hyde KD. 2012. Towards a natural classification of Botryosphaeriales. Fungal Diversity 57: 149–210.
21
Luque J, Girbal J. 1989. Dieback of cork oak (Quercus suber) in Catalonia (NE Spain) caused by Botryosphaeria stevensii. European Journal of Forest Pathology 19: 7–13.
22
O’ Donnell K. 1993. Fusarium and its near relatives. In: The fungal holomorph: mitotic, meiotic and pleomorphic speciation in fungal systematic. (DR Reynolds, JW Taylor, eds): 225–233. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
23
Page RD. 1996. TreeView: an application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers. Computer Applications in the Biosciences 12: 357–358.
24
Phillips AJL, Alves A, Abdollahzadeh J, Slippers B, Wingfield MJ, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW. 2013. The Botryosphaeriaceae: genera and species known from culture. Studies in Mycology 76: 51–167.
25
Phillips AJL, Alves A, Correia A, Luque J. 2005. Two new species of Botryosphaeria with brown, 1-septate ascospores and Dothiorella anamorphs. Mycologia 97: 513–529.
26
Phillips AJL, Alves A, Pennycook SR, Johnston PR, Ramaley A, Akulov A, Crous PW. 2008. Resolving the phylogenetic and taxonomic status of dark-spored teleomorph genera in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Studies in Mycology 21: 29–55.
27
Phillips AJL, Lopes J, Abdollahzadeh J, Bobev S, Alves A. 2012. Resolving the complex of Diplodia species on apple and other Rosaceae hosts. Persoonia 29: 29–38.
28
Raeder U, Broda P. 1985. Rapid preparation of DNA from filamentous fungi. Letters in Applied Microbiology 1: 17–20.
29
Rayner RW. 1970. A mycological colour chart. CMI and British Mycological Society, Kew, Surrey, UK.
30
Shoemaker RA. 1964. Conidia states of some Botryosphaeria species on Vitis and Quercus. Canadian Journal of Botany 42: 1297–1301.
31
Slippers B, Crous PW, Denman S, Coutinho TA, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ. 2004. Combined multiple gene genealogies and phenotypic characters differentiate several species previously identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea. Mycologia 96: 83–101.
32
Slippers B, Wingfield MJ. 2007. Botryosphaeriaceae as endophytes and latent pathogens of woody plants: diversity, ecology and impact. Fungal Biology Reviews 21: 90–106.
33
Stevens NE. 1933. Two apple black rot fungi in the United States. Mycologia 25: 536–548.
34
Stevens NE. 1936. Two species of Physalospora in England. Mycologia 28: 330–336.
35
Sutton BC. 1980. The Coelomycetes: Fungi imperfecti with pycnidia, acervuli and stromata. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, UK.
36
Sutton BC, Dyko BJ. 1989. Revision of Hendersonula. Mycological Research 93: 466–488.
37
Swart WJ, Wingfield MJ. 1991. Seasonal response of Pinus radiata in South Africa to artificial inoculation with Sphaeropsis sapinea. Plant Disease 75: 1031–1033.
38
Swofford DL. 2003. PAUP*. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods) Version 4. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, UK.
39
Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG. 1997. The ClustalX windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleaic Acids Research 25: 4876–4882.
40
Vajna L. 1986. Branch canker and dieback of sessile oak (Quercus petraea) in Hungary caused by Diplodia mutila I. Identification of the pathogen. European Journal of Forest Pathology 16: 223–229.
41
Viennot-Bourgin G, Alé-Agha N, Ershad D. 1970. Les champignons parasites de ľ Iran. (Nouvelle contribution). Annual Review of Phytopathology 2: 689–734.
42
Von Arx JA, Müller E. 1954. Die Gattungen der amerosporen Pyrenomyceten. Beiträge zur Kryptogamen Flora der Schweiz, 11: 1–434.
43
White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. (MA Innis, DH Gelfand, JJ Sninsky, TJ White , eds): 315–322. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA.
44
Young ND, Healy J. 2003. GapCoder automates the use of indel characters in phylogenetic analysis. BMC Bioinformatics 4: art. 6.
45
Zwolinski JB, Swart WJ, Wingfield MJ. 1990. Economic impact of a post-hail outbreak of dieback induced by Sphaeropsis sapinea. European Journal of Forest Pathology 20: 405–411.
46